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Greenhouse Technology > Quiz 5: Flowers, fruit, seeds > Flashcards

Quiz 5: Flowers, fruit, seeds Flashcards

1
Q

what are ferns classified as ?

A

non- flowering plants

- pterophyta

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2
Q

how do ferns reproduce

A
  • spores

- requires free water for transfer of gametes (sex cells)

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3
Q

what are other non flowering plants

A

gymnosperms

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4
Q

how do gymnosperms reproduce

A
  • reproductive organs within carious forms of cones

- seed forms in female cones

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5
Q

define flower

how classified?

A
  • short branches bearing specially adapted leaves whose sole function is reproduction
  • showy, conspicuous
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6
Q

what is stamen

A
  • male part, produces pollen which contains sperm= male sex gametophyte
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7
Q

what is pistil ( or carpel)

A

female; produces ova= eggs = female gametophyte

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8
Q

how does fruit develop

A

sperm fertilizes the ovum –> embryo develops within a seed –> ovary transforms into fruit

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9
Q

describe conspicuous flowers

A

= perfect complete flower

perfect: both male and female organs found on same structure
complete: petals and sepals are present as well

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10
Q

describe inconspicuous flowers

why are they not showy?

A
  • grasses, trees, shrubs, perennials, annuals

- wind pollinated, not trying to attract pollinators

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11
Q

what are 2 parts of stamen

A

stamen= male

anther and filament

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12
Q

anther function

A

pollen bearing part of stamen

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13
Q

filament function

A

stalk bearing an anther

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14
Q

parts of pistil

A

pistil = female part

  1. stigma
  2. style
  3. ovary
  4. ova
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15
Q

stigma function

A

part of the pistil that receives the pollen

-often gets sticky when in cycle so pollen sticks better

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16
Q

style function

A

narrow part of pistil that becomes a fruit

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17
Q

ovary function

A

basal part of pistil that becomes fruit

- site of ova and then seed development

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18
Q

receptacle function

A

-enlarged end to which flower parts are attached

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19
Q

sepal

A

-encloses and protects flower bud

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20
Q

petal

A

conspicuously coloured flower part

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21
Q

catalyx

A

group of sepals

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22
Q

corolla

A

group of petals

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23
Q

perianth

A

calyx and corolla together

24
Q

tepal

A

no clear distinction between sepal and petal

ex clematis

25
Q

inflorescence

A

shoot bearing clusters of flowers

26
Q

peduncle

A

central axis of flower stalk (rachis)

- stalk supporting the inflorescence

27
Q

pedicel

A
  • stalk of individual flower (rachilla)
28
Q

dioecious

A
  • unisexual reproductive units on separate male or female plants (plants must cross pollinate)
29
Q

gynoecious

A
  • (pistillate) female plants produce seed and fruit but no pollen
30
Q

androecious

A

-(staminate) male plants produce pollen but no seed

31
Q

monoecious

A
  • separate unisexual flowers on same plant

- usually mature at different times so don’t cross pollinate

32
Q

what family is composite flower in

what is considered a composite flower?

A

asteraceae

  • sunflower
  • cone flower
  • black eyed susan
  • daisy
33
Q

what is a sunflower made of

A
  • ray flower

- disk flower

34
Q

why flowers so many different colours

A

-attract specific pollinator

35
Q

what is fruit considered

A

a mature ovary

36
Q

pericarp

A
  • fruit wall; derived from ovary wall
37
Q

what are different type of pericarps

A
  • fleshy, delicious to attract herbivores ex apples, cherries
  • dry and nutritious attract herbivores ex acorns
  • dry and splitting at maturity ex legumes
  • dry capsules for scattering ex poppies
38
Q

Describe flower arrangements for multiple flowers

A 
Raceme-
Panicle- 
Corymb
Spike
Umbel
Head
Compound Umbel
Cyme 
Spadix
39
Q

raceme

A

unbranched inflorescence with flowers having short pedicels attached to its axis

40
Q

panicle

A

branched florescence

  • flowers attached by pedicellate to pedicel, attached to stalk
  • branch panicle= raceme
41
Q

corymb

A

flat inflorescence

  • stalks arise from different spots on axis to reach same height
  • outer flowers open first
42
Q

spike

A

contracted raceme, single sessile flowers share stem

43
Q

umbel

A

-short pedicles arising from same point

44
Q

head

A

bundle sessile flowers arranged to look like single flower

45
Q

cyme

A

central main stem and each side branch end in a flower

46
Q

spadix

A

type of spike inflorescence having small flowers borne on a fleshy stem

47
Q

what are 3 fruit types

A
  • simple
  • aggregate
  • mutliple
48
Q

simple fruit types

A

derived from a flower bearing a single ovary

ex tomato, orange, melon, peach, bean

49
Q

aggregate fruit types

A

-derived from flower having many ovaries - collection of many small fruits in a single receptacle
ex raspberry, blackberry, strawberry

50
Q

multiple fruit type

A
  • derived from many ovaries from separate flowers
  • @ maturity the pericarps become fused unto single edible mass
    ex. pineapple, mulberry
51
Q

types of fleshy fruit

A

aggregate- rasberry
berry- grape
drupe- cherry
pome- apple

52
Q

what is the purpose of fruit

A

protection and dispersal of seed

53
Q

methods of dispersion

A
  1. ejected from plant- poppy, legumes
  2. carried by wind- dandelion, samara
  3. carried by water- coconut
  4. carried by animals- hooks and barbs
  5. eaten by animals, birds
54
Q

why dead head?

A
  • prevents seed production- costly resources
55
Q

what is seedless fruit

how is it achieved

A

parthenocarpy
-development of fruit without stimulation of fert. or pollination
ex navel oranges, bananas NOT seedless grapes (embryo aborts)

Greenhouse Technology (5 decks)

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