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Greenhouse Technology > Quiz 1: Basic plant anatomy, Physiology, prop. & growth > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Basic plant anatomy, Physiology, prop. & growth Flashcards

1
Q

break down latin roots of horticuture and meaning

A

hortus= garden
cultura= cultivate or growth
therefore means to grow a garden

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2
Q

what are 4 criteria to be “living”

A
  1. reproduction
  2. cellular metabolism
  3. growth
  4. movements/ response to env’t
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3
Q

what are 7 classifications of life (in correct order) !

A
  1. kingdom
  2. phylum
  3. class
  4. order
  5. family
  6. genus
  7. species
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4
Q

what are 3 subclassifications in kingdom plantae

A
  1. ferns - non flowering spores
  2. gymnosperms- naked seed
  3. angiosperm- seed within a vessel
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5
Q

describe characteristics of gymnosperm

A
  • non flowering but produce seed
  • usually conifers
  • usually have needles or scale- like leaves
  • usually evergreen
  • softwood
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6
Q

describe characteristics of angiosperm

A
  • flowering plants

- vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants and hardwood trees

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7
Q

what is cotyledon?

A
  • seed leaf= food storage structure in seeds
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8
Q

differences monocots vs dicots

A
  • monocots: only 1 cotyledon in seeds
  • usually 3 (or multiple of) floral parts
  • parallel array of leaf veins
  • one pore in pollen grain
  • vascular bundles distributed around tissue of stem

Dicots: 2 cotyledons in seeds (part of embryo)

  • usually 4 or 5 floral parts
  • usually netlike array of leaf veins
  • 3 pore in pollen grain
  • vascular bundles arrayed as ring in stem
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9
Q

who is Carl Linneaus

A
  • gave plant nomenclature know today - Genus and species
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10
Q

binomial def’n

A
  • naming using 2 parts- genus and species
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11
Q

node

A

where leaves are attached

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12
Q

internode

A

area between nodes

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13
Q

xylem

A

water- conducting tissue

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14
Q

phloem

A

food- conducting tissue

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15
Q

apical meristem

A

region of actively dividing cells at tip of growing root or stem

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16
Q

epidermis

A
  • outer layer of cells on herbaceous plant organ
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17
Q

osmosis diffusion

A

-diffusion of water across a permeable cell membrane that is substance- specific

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18
Q

photosynthesis

A

process which light energy is used to form food (glucose) from CO2 and water

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19
Q

chlorophyll

A

green plant pigment located in chloroplasts

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20
Q

what are 2 types of growth patterns/ potential ?

A
  1. determinant- most animals, genetic growth pattern

2. interdeterminant - most plants; growth, # branches not genetically programmed

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21
Q

axillary bud

A
  • bud located at axil at base of leaf
22
Q

4 determinants of morphology (appearance) of plant

A
  1. strength/ vigour
  2. leaf colour, shape, texture
  3. branching patterns
  4. variegation
23
Q

what is variegation

A
  • amount chlorophyll / location

- degree of reversion

24
Q

what are 5 types of plants

A
  1. bulbs
  2. ground covers, vines
  3. herbaceous
  4. woody
  5. tropical/ temperennials
25
Q

what 4 requirements for plants to grow

A
  1. water
  2. sunlight
  3. location
  4. food/ nutrients
26
Q

what is most important factor plant needs to grow?

A

water

27
Q

second most important factor for plant to grow?

A

sunlight: duration, intensity, temp

28
Q

who was first to observe cells under microscope?

A
  • Robert Hooke
29
Q

what is cell theory? cytology?

A
  • concept all living things are composed of one or more cells
  • study of cells
30
Q

what are 3 parts/ characteristics of cells that are only found in plant cell

A
  1. cell wall
  2. chloroplast
  3. enlarged vacuole
31
Q

cell wall: purpose, composition, between cells

A
  1. protection support for cell
  2. cellulose- microfibrils
    lignin- hardening, trees heavily ligninified
  3. pectin –> jams and jellies
32
Q

cell membrane

A
  • outer boundary of the cell, just inside cell wall
33
Q

cytoplasm

A
  • jelly-like fluid interior of cells–> contains all organelles
34
Q

nucleus

A

-the “control centre” of the cells –> contains a cells DNA (chromo. )

35
Q

organelles

A

“little organs” carry out cell functions

36
Q

mitochondria

A
  • power house of cell–> turns food into useable energy (ATP)
37
Q

ribosome

A

-makes protein

38
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

-processes, packages and secretes proteins

39
Q

lysosome

A
  • contains digestive enzymes, breaks things down
40
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

transport

41
Q

vacuole

A

stores water & other substance

42
Q

chloroplasts

A

use sunlight to create food via photosynthesis

43
Q

describe 2 different growth processes

A
  1. Elongation: cellulose microfibrils dictate direction of growth –> cells expand up and down not side to side
  2. division : 1 cell –> 2 cells –> 4 cells –> 8 cells all with same genetic information
    - process of mitosis, doubling of chromosomes & formation of 2 daughter cells
44
Q

what is mitosis

A 
genetic info (DNA) copied in each nucleus and 2 new identical daughter cells are formed 
-PMAT
45
Q

where does primary growth occur

A
  • increase in stem length –> apical meristem
46
Q

where does secondary growth occur

A

thickening –> lateral meristems

47
Q

seed coat characteristics

A
  • dormant,waiting for right conditions to germinate and grow
  • seed coat= skin= protection
48
Q

describe dicot germination

A
  • radicale (embryonic root) first emerges from germination seed
  • hook forms in hypocotyl
  • growth pushes the hook with attached cotyledons and epicotyl above ground
  • action protects delicate shoot tip as it emerges
  • tap root system
49
Q

describe monocote germination

A
  • coleoptile (protects young leaves) pushes upward through soil into air
  • radicle stays in ground, fibrous roots system formed
50
Q

what are 3 basic req’ts for seed germination

A
  1. water
  2. temperature
  3. oxygen
51
Q

what other seed germination req’ts?

A
  1. time of year
  2. light conditions
  3. breaking of seed coat- scarification

Greenhouse Technology (5 decks)

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