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NURS 190-Physical Assessment > Quiz #5 Concepts > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Concepts Flashcards

Abdomen & Urinary Concepts

1
Q

Describe the abdomen

A

The largest cavity in the body
1) Digestive System
2) Urinary System
3) Reproductive system

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2
Q

Describe the alimentary canal

A

Hollow tube from mouth to anus

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3
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

10 inches long

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4
Q

Describe the stomach size

A

Dependent on the amount of food ingested

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5
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

18 to 21 feet long

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6
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 to 5.5 ft long

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7
Q

Describe the liver

A

Largest internal gland of the body
Functions:
1) Aid in protein, fats, and carb metabolism
2) Produce antibody
3) Produce bile
4) Produce substance for coagulation of blood
5) Detoxify harmful substances
6) Stores vitamins

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8
Q

Describe the gallbladder

A

Release stored bile for fat emulsification

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9
Q

Describe the pancreas

A

Both endocrine and exocrine glands
1) Endocrine -produces insulin for emulsification of sugar
2) Exocrine- produces pancreatic juice to aid in emulsification of carbs, protein, and fats

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10
Q

Describe the spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ
Functions:
1) Filters blood
2) Graveyard of RBC
3) Site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance

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11
Q

What is the urinary system composed of

A

Composed of:
1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Bladder
4) Urethra

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12
Q

Describe glomeruli

A

Clusters of capillaries of the kidneys, which filters more than 1 liter of fluid per minute

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13
Q

What are the landmarks of the Urinary System

A

1) CVA
2) Rectus Abdominis
3) Symphysis Pubis

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14
Q

What are the landmarks of the abdomen

A

1) Xiphoid Process
2) Umbilicus
3) Costal Margin
4) Iliac Crest
5) Pubic bone

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15
Q

What happens for patients age 75 and above?

A

Loss of nephrons occurs leading to less glomerular filtration leading to susceptibility to DRUG toxicity

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16
Q

What occurs at the age of 85 and above with BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)

A

95% of men will have BPH resulting in urinary retention or trickling in voiding

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17
Q

Describe Urolithiasis or Renal Calculi

A

Stones that block the urinary tract. Most common among Caucasian.
Nursing responsibilities:
1) Strain all urine
2) Report to MD

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18
Q

What is an associated risk factor for Urolithiasis

A

Family History

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19
Q

What should a client with urolithiasis do?

A

Encourage intake at least 3 liters of fluid per day if the client is not on fluid restrictions

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20
Q

Describe mapping of the abdomen or reference point

A

The process of dividing the abdomen into quadrants or nine regions for the purpose of the exam

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21
Q

What are the main organs in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Liver and Gallbladder

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22
Q

What are the main organs in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Stomach and Spleen

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23
Q

Where is the appendix located?

A

In the right lower quadrant

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24
Q

What is lower left quadrant pain usually associated with?

A

Diverticular Diseases

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25
What sound is heard on percussion over the liver and through the RUQ/ RMCL?
Dullness
26
What is the strict sequence of the abdominal assessment?
1) Inspection 2) Auscultation 3) Percussion 4) Palpation
27
What does strong abdominal pulsation indicate?
Possible AAA, on inspection and must be reported to the doctor ASAP
28
Where should auscultation of the abdomen begin and where sounds are usually present?
In the right lower quadrant
29
What is the best position when assessing abdominal distention?
Supine position with small pillow under the head is the best position
30
What assessment technique is used when assessing for bladder distension?
Indirect percussion
31
Describe abdominal contour for skinny person.
Flat
32
Describe the abdominal contour for a very skinny person.
Scaphoid
33
Describe the abdominal contour of a fat/ obese person.
Rounded and/ or Protuberant
34
Describe the abdominal contour of infants.
Rounded and/ or Protuberant
35
Who can have an abdomen that appear protuberant.
Abdominal contour of 3rd trimester pregnant client or client with ascites
36
What does a large hematoma on the CVA usually indicate?
Injury to the kidney
37
What and when is blunt percussion used in the abdominal assessment?
Used to assess for CVAT or Costovertebral Angle Tenderness
38
What does pain or discomfort during & after Blunt Percussion?
Suggest kidney failure
39
Kidneys are rarely palpable except....
In the presence of neoplasm or polycystic diseases
40
Where are the kidneys located and what does a hematoma in this area indicate?
Kidneys are in the right and left CVA. A hematoma in this area indicates injury of the kidneys
41
What assessment technique is used for a distended bladder?
Indirect percussion
42
What is usually associated with bladder cancers and who is it most common in?
Smoking and men
43
Describe uremia
Urine product build-up in the blood leading to kidney failure, which is the hall mark of Chronic Renal Failure
44
Describe uremic frost
Crystallized urea on the skin
45
Describe Azotemia
High level of nitrogen compound in blood due to inefficient functioning of the kidneys
46
What does it mean when urine output is less than intake?
This means the client is retaining fluid
47
What does it mean when the urine output is more than the intake?
That means that the client is excreting too much fluid, common in Diabetic client (polyuria)
48
Explain Enuresis (bedwetting)
Involuntary urination especially at night, common in 5-year-old and younger. Has familial tendency and is more common in boys.
49
Describe dysuria
painful urination
50
Describe nocturia
Frequent urination at night common in DM client
51
Describe anuria
Less than 100 cc of urine output in a 24-hour period
52
Describe oliguria
Less than 400 cc of urine in a 24-hour period
53
Describe glucosuria
sugar in the urine
54
Describe hematuria
Blood in the urine
55
What is the normal range of urine output in a 24-hour period
800 cc- 2,000 cc
56
Describe renin
Enzyme that is released by kidneys that helps regulate BP, when BP drops down
57
Describe Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, bacteria, chemicals, and drugs
58
Describe Hepatitis A
Most common type of Hepatitis in children because they usually do not wash their hands before eating
59
Describe Hepatitis E
Most common type of Hepatitis in people traveling to underdeveloped countries, due to dirty water supply
60
Describe Hepatitis B
Transmitted sexually, by blood & parentally
61
Describe Hepatitis C
The most common type of Hepatitis in people with tattoos. Transmitting by blood & parentally
62
Describe Hepatitis D
Transmitted sexually, by blood and parentally
63
Describe Chron's Disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestine. Can involve any part of the lower intestine from the ileum to the colon
64
What are the S/S of Crohn's Disease
1) Abd pain 2) Diarrhea 3) Cramping 4) Minute blood in stool 5) Bowel obstruction 6) Rectal and vaginal fissure can occur 7) Remission. No medical or surgical interventions needed
65
Describe Splenomegaly (Inflammation of the spleen)
Inflammation and ulceration of the colon.
66
What are the S/S of Ulcerative Colitis
1) Abd pain 2) Diarrhea 3) Blood and Mucous on stool 4) Hemorrhage 5) Megacolon- may require long term interventions
67
Dehydration can be fatal in children. What are the most accurate indicators of dehydration on children?
1) Low level of consciousness 2) Weight loss 3) Low urine output
68
What is the indication of an aneurysm?
A widened Aorta. More than 3 cm.
69
Describe the McBurney's Point
Middle 3rd of the imaginary line from umbilicus to right inguinal area. Pain in this area will indicate peritonitis.
70
A positive (+) Blumberg sign indicates what?
Stabbing pain as compressed abdomen returns to non-compressed state indicating Peritonitis and Appendicitis.
71
Describe a positive (+) Murphy's Sign
An indication for Cholecystitis. A sharp pain at the upper right quadrant when palpating the lower border liver
72
Describe a positive (+) Rovsing Sign
Pain at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen when palpating the left lower quadrant. An indication for Peritonitis and Appendicitis.
73
Describe a positive (+) Psoas Sign
the patient is in supine position while right leg is raised up with resistance from the Nurse & Client has pain at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
74
Describe Cullen's Sign
Ecchymosis or bruising at the periumbilical area indicates bleeding in the abdomen. Ex. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy
75
Describe BUN
A laboratory test that is expected to be ordered by the MD, when the client has acute kidney injury
76
What is Cystitis?
Suspected in the elderly, client complains of sudden onset of urinary incontinence.
77
Describe Wilms Tumor
Malignancy of the kidney in infants. Stop palpation when mass is palpated in the abdomen because palpation can disseminate seeds into the abdomen.
78
What is a sign of constipation?
cigar shaped soft mass palpated at the left lower quadrant is a sign of constipation
79
In children when should an umbilical hernia be resolved?
Resolved before age 5, if persist, surgery is indicated
80
What are the sounds and quantity for normal bowel sounds?
In each quadrant of the abdomen, 5-30 times per minute. Regular, High Pitched, and Gurgling Quality.
81
Describe Borborygmi
Strong bowel sounds when a person has not eaten for 5-7 hours. Can be normal with no other symptoms present. Abnormal when accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, etc....

NURS 190-Physical Assessment (7 decks)

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