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NURS 190-Physical Assessment > Quiz #5 Concepts > Flashcards

Quiz #5 Concepts Flashcards

Abdomen & Urinary Concepts

1
Q

Describe the abdomen

A

The largest cavity in the body
1) Digestive System
2) Urinary System
3) Reproductive system

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2
Q

Describe the alimentary canal

A

Hollow tube from mouth to anus

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3
Q

How long is the esophagus

A

10 inches long

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4
Q

Describe the stomach size

A

Dependent on the amount of food ingested

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5
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

18 to 21 feet long

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6
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 to 5.5 ft long

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7
Q

Describe the liver

A

Largest internal gland of the body
Functions:
1) Aid in protein, fats, and carb metabolism
2) Produce antibody
3) Produce bile
4) Produce substance for coagulation of blood
5) Detoxify harmful substances
6) Stores vitamins

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8
Q

Describe the gallbladder

A

Release stored bile for fat emulsification

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9
Q

Describe the pancreas

A

Both endocrine and exocrine glands
1) Endocrine -produces insulin for emulsification of sugar
2) Exocrine- produces pancreatic juice to aid in emulsification of carbs, protein, and fats

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10
Q

Describe the spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ
Functions:
1) Filters blood
2) Graveyard of RBC
3) Site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance

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11
Q

What is the urinary system composed of

A

Composed of:
1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Bladder
4) Urethra

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12
Q

Describe glomeruli

A

Clusters of capillaries of the kidneys, which filters more than 1 liter of fluid per minute

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13
Q

What are the landmarks of the Urinary System

A

1) CVA
2) Rectus Abdominis
3) Symphysis Pubis

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14
Q

What are the landmarks of the abdomen

A

1) Xiphoid Process
2) Umbilicus
3) Costal Margin
4) Iliac Crest
5) Pubic bone

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15
Q

What happens for patients age 75 and above?

A

Loss of nephrons occurs leading to less glomerular filtration leading to susceptibility to DRUG toxicity

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16
Q

What occurs at the age of 85 and above with BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)

A

95% of men will have BPH resulting in urinary retention or trickling in voiding

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17
Q

Describe Urolithiasis or Renal Calculi

A

Stones that block the urinary tract. Most common among Caucasian.
Nursing responsibilities:
1) Strain all urine
2) Report to MD

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18
Q

What is an associated risk factor for Urolithiasis

A

Family History

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19
Q

What should a client with urolithiasis do?

A

Encourage intake at least 3 liters of fluid per day if the client is not on fluid restrictions

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20
Q

Describe mapping of the abdomen or reference point

A

The process of dividing the abdomen into quadrants or nine regions for the purpose of the exam

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21
Q

What are the main organs in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Liver and Gallbladder

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22
Q

What are the main organs in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Stomach and Spleen

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23
Q

Where is the appendix located?

A

In the right lower quadrant

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24
Q

What is lower left quadrant pain usually associated with?

A

Diverticular Diseases

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25
Q

What sound is heard on percussion over the liver and through the RUQ/ RMCL?

A

Dullness

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26
Q

What is the strict sequence of the abdominal assessment?

A

1) Inspection
2) Auscultation
3) Percussion
4) Palpation

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27
Q

What does strong abdominal pulsation indicate?

A

Possible AAA, on inspection and must be reported to the doctor ASAP

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28
Q

Where should auscultation of the abdomen begin and where sounds are usually present?

A

In the right lower quadrant

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29
Q

What is the best position when assessing abdominal distention?

A

Supine position with small pillow under the head is the best position

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30
Q

What assessment technique is used when assessing for bladder distension?

A

Indirect percussion

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31
Q

Describe abdominal contour for skinny person.

A

Flat

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32
Q

Describe the abdominal contour for a very skinny person.

A

Scaphoid

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33
Q

Describe the abdominal contour of a fat/ obese person.

A

Rounded and/ or Protuberant

34
Q

Describe the abdominal contour of infants.

A

Rounded and/ or Protuberant

35
Q

Who can have an abdomen that appear protuberant.

A

Abdominal contour of 3rd trimester pregnant client or client with ascites

36
Q

What does a large hematoma on the CVA usually indicate?

A

Injury to the kidney

37
Q

What and when is blunt percussion used in the abdominal assessment?

A

Used to assess for CVAT or Costovertebral Angle Tenderness

38
Q

What does pain or discomfort during & after Blunt Percussion?

A

Suggest kidney failure

39
Q

Kidneys are rarely palpable except….

A

In the presence of neoplasm or polycystic diseases

40
Q

Where are the kidneys located and what does a hematoma in this area indicate?

A

Kidneys are in the right and left CVA. A hematoma in this area indicates injury of the kidneys

41
Q

What assessment technique is used for a distended bladder?

A

Indirect percussion

42
Q

What is usually associated with bladder cancers and who is it most common in?

A

Smoking and men

43
Q

Describe uremia

A

Urine product build-up in the blood leading to kidney failure, which is the hall mark of Chronic Renal Failure

44
Q

Describe uremic frost

A

Crystallized urea on the skin

45
Q

Describe Azotemia

A

High level of nitrogen compound in blood due to inefficient functioning of the kidneys

46
Q

What does it mean when urine output is less than intake?

A

This means the client is retaining fluid

47
Q

What does it mean when the urine output is more than the intake?

A

That means that the client is excreting too much fluid, common in Diabetic client (polyuria)

48
Q

Explain Enuresis (bedwetting)

A

Involuntary urination especially at night, common in 5-year-old and younger. Has familial tendency and is more common in boys.

49
Q

Describe dysuria

A

painful urination

50
Q

Describe nocturia

A

Frequent urination at night common in DM client

51
Q

Describe anuria

A

Less than 100 cc of urine output in a 24-hour period

52
Q

Describe oliguria

A

Less than 400 cc of urine in a 24-hour period

53
Q

Describe glucosuria

A

sugar in the urine

54
Q

Describe hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

55
Q

What is the normal range of urine output in a 24-hour period

A

800 cc- 2,000 cc

56
Q

Describe renin

A

Enzyme that is released by kidneys that helps regulate BP, when BP drops down

57
Q

Describe Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, bacteria, chemicals, and drugs

58
Q

Describe Hepatitis A

A

Most common type of Hepatitis in children because they usually do not wash their hands before eating

59
Q

Describe Hepatitis E

A

Most common type of Hepatitis in people traveling to underdeveloped countries, due to dirty water supply

60
Q

Describe Hepatitis B

A

Transmitted sexually, by blood & parentally

61
Q

Describe Hepatitis C

A

The most common type of Hepatitis in people with tattoos. Transmitting by blood & parentally

62
Q

Describe Hepatitis D

A

Transmitted sexually, by blood and parentally

63
Q

Describe Chron’s Disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestine. Can involve any part of the lower intestine from the ileum to the colon

64
Q

What are the S/S of Crohn’s Disease

A

1) Abd pain
2) Diarrhea
3) Cramping
4) Minute blood in stool
5) Bowel obstruction
6) Rectal and vaginal fissure can occur
7) Remission. No medical or surgical interventions needed

65
Q

Describe Splenomegaly (Inflammation of the spleen)

A

Inflammation and ulceration of the colon.

66
Q

What are the S/S of Ulcerative Colitis

A

1) Abd pain
2) Diarrhea
3) Blood and Mucous on stool
4) Hemorrhage
5) Megacolon- may require long term interventions

67
Q

Dehydration can be fatal in children. What are the most accurate indicators of dehydration on children?

A

1) Low level of consciousness
2) Weight loss
3) Low urine output

68
Q

What is the indication of an aneurysm?

A

A widened Aorta. More than 3 cm.

69
Q

Describe the McBurney’s Point

A

Middle 3rd of the imaginary line from umbilicus to right inguinal area. Pain in this area will indicate peritonitis.

70
Q

A positive (+) Blumberg sign indicates what?

A

Stabbing pain as compressed abdomen returns to non-compressed state indicating Peritonitis and Appendicitis.

71
Q

Describe a positive (+) Murphy’s Sign

A

An indication for Cholecystitis. A sharp pain at the upper right quadrant when palpating the lower border liver

72
Q

Describe a positive (+) Rovsing Sign

A

Pain at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen when palpating the left lower quadrant. An indication for Peritonitis and Appendicitis.

73
Q

Describe a positive (+) Psoas Sign

A

the patient is in supine position while right leg is raised up with resistance from the Nurse & Client has pain at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

74
Q

Describe Cullen’s Sign

A

Ecchymosis or bruising at the periumbilical area indicates bleeding in the abdomen. Ex. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy

75
Q

Describe BUN

A

A laboratory test that is expected to be ordered by the MD, when the client has acute kidney injury

76
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

Suspected in the elderly, client complains of sudden onset of urinary incontinence.

77
Q

Describe Wilms Tumor

A

Malignancy of the kidney in infants. Stop palpation when mass is palpated in the abdomen because palpation can disseminate seeds into the abdomen.

78
Q

What is a sign of constipation?

A

cigar shaped soft mass palpated at the left lower quadrant is a sign of constipation

79
Q

In children when should an umbilical hernia be resolved?

A

Resolved before age 5, if persist, surgery is indicated

80
Q

What are the sounds and quantity for normal bowel sounds?

A

In each quadrant of the abdomen, 5-30 times per minute. Regular, High Pitched, and Gurgling Quality.

81
Q

Describe Borborygmi

A

Strong bowel sounds when a person has not eaten for 5-7 hours. Can be normal with no other symptoms present. Abnormal when accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, etc….

NURS 190-Physical Assessment (7 decks)

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