Midterm Flashcards
Review
What are the four basic techniques of physical assessment?
1) Inspection
*always the 1st technique utilized in every assessment
2) Palpation
* Utilized for assessing Tactile Fremitus
3) Percussion
*Used in assessing diaphragmatic Excursion
4) Auscultation
* technique utilized in assessing Bronchophony, Egophony, and Whispered Pectoriloquy
What technique is used to assess the lung tissue?
Indirect Percussion
What instrument is used to assess pulses when they cannot be palpated?
Doppler
What instrument is used to measure height?
Stadiometer
What instrument is used to assess for a fungal infection on the skin?
Wood Lamp
What instrument is used to measure the degree of joint flexion and extension?
Goniometer
What instrument is used to detect air, blood, fluid, or mass in body cavity?
Transilluminator
What are the skin layers?
1) Epidermis- Top Layer
2) Dermis- contains nerves, blood vessels and hair follicles
3) Subcutaneous- tissue followed by muscles and bones
Describe a Stage 1 Decubitus.
One layer of skin affected, reddened epidermis; skin intact, erythematous & non-blanchable
Describe a Stage II Decubitis.
Lesion involving the 2 layers of the skin, bleeding is observed; partial tissue loss
Describe a Stage III Decubitus.
A lesion involving 3 layers of the skin- epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissues: Full-thickness loss, slough can be present.
Describe a Stage IV Decubitus.
A lesion involving 4 layers of the skin, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and bone. Full-thickness tissue loss, eschar or dead tissue present.
Describe the grading of skin edema.
*Press around the bony prominences of the body with your 3 finger pads.
- Grade 0= no edema
-Grade 1+= 2 MM
-Grade 2+= 4 MM
-Grade 3+=6 MM
-Grade 4+=8 MM
What is the best technique for assessing skin turgor?
Pinch below the clavicles and below the wrist bilaterally
Describe anular lesion.
A lesion with one circle configuration
Describe a target lesion.
A lesion with concentric circles of colors inside a lesion with a dot in the center. This lesion is also know as the bull’s eye, b/c of the dot at the center.
Describe a wheal lesion (AKA welt/ hive).
A lesion that is reddened, with irregular border caused by an insect bite or hive
Describe a macule.
A primary lesion, flat, there is a change in skin color, less than 1 cm. Example- freckles or petechiae chloasma.
Describe confluent
Lesions that are together
Describe a patch.
A type of macule that is more that 1 cm. An example of this; Mongolian spots, port-wine stain, vitiligo
Describe a vesicle or blister.
Primary lesion elevated, clear fluid round or oval with translucent wall less than 0.5 cm.
Example; chickenpox, poison ivy, and a small burn blister
Describe a Bullae
A type of vesicle lesion that is more than 0.5 cm.
Example; large burn blister
Describe a Port Wine Stain
A vascular lesion on the face that is flat, deep purple red and irregular shaped and deepens when a person cries or is highly emotional or exposed to high environmental temperatures. Typically, does not fade.
Describe Spider Angioma
A vascular lesion, flat, bright red dot with tiny radiating blood vessels ranging from pinpoint to 2 cm