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Microbiology 211 Lab > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the arrangement of Staph? What is it’s gram identification?

A

It is a gram + organism that is spherical (coccus) and arranged in clusters.

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2
Q

What does it mean for an organism to be catalase positive?

A

It means it has the enzyme (catalase) and can break down hydrogen peroxide (since it is toxic to them).

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3
Q

Which type of staph is common in the skin/nasal passage?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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4
Q

Which types of staph are considered opportunisitic pahtogens?

A

Staph epi and Staph aureus

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5
Q

What does catalase do to hydrogen peroxide?

A

It converts it to water and oxygen.

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6
Q

What happens if we add hydrogen peroxide to an organism? How do we determine if it is positive or negative?

A

If the organism bubbles, it is positive

If the organism does not bubble, it is negative

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7
Q

Coagulase test is performed on what type of organisms?

A

Gram +, Catalase positive

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8
Q

What is coagulase?

A

It is an enzyme that binds to plasma fibrinogen and can cause “clotting”.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of coagulase test?

A

To help us identify Staph. aureus from other staphylococci

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10
Q

What is the DNAse test?

A

It is a test that helps us determine whether or not the organism produces Deoxyribonuclease (enzyme that alters DNA)

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11
Q

What media is used for DNAse test?

A

agar medium; DNase agar is a differential medium

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12
Q

What indicates a positive/negative result from DNAse test?

A

Positive: pink halo
Negative: clear halo
S.aureus is positive, S.epi is negative

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13
Q

What are the difference between Strep and Staph when considering catalase test?

A

Strep: Negative
Staphy: positive

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14
Q

What are the difference between Strep and Staph when considering Gram stain test?

A

Strep: positive cocci in cluster
Staph: positive cocci in chains

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15
Q

What are the difference between Strep and Staph when considering cellular respiration?

A

Strep: grows in low O2, high CO2 (anaerobes)
Staph: grows in high O2 (aerobe)

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16
Q

What are the difference between Strep and Staph when considering normal flora/pathogenic?

A

Strep: some pathogenic, some normal
Staph: almost all normal

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17
Q

What is SM110?

A

It is a selective medium that is used to isolate staphylococci and has a high concentration of NaCl

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18
Q

Is SM110 selective or differential?

A

Both because it is selective to gram + bacteria but also differential because different staph species will produce different results

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19
Q

What is MSA (Mannitol Salt Agar) ?

A

It a medium that is both selective and differential because it allows Staph to grow but differential because not all species can stand the high salt concentration.

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20
Q

What color does S.aureus form in MSA?

A

yellow

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21
Q

What color does S.epi produce in MSA?

A

No color change

22
Q

What is a carrier?

A

It can be people that carry a pathogen without showing signs or symptoms of the illness and can transmit them to others

23
Q

What is the main differences between S.epi and S. aureus?

A

S. aureus produces emolysin (enzyme that causes beta hemolysis)
S.epi does not produce any hemolysin

24
Q

What is alpha hemolysis?

A

Incomplete/partial lysis of red blood cells

25
Q

What is beta hemolysis?

A

Complete lysis of red blood cells

26
Q

What is gamma hemolysis?

A

No lysis of the red blood cell

27
Q

What do we use to detect the type of lysis in streptococcus species?

A

Blood Agar Plate (differential media)

28
Q

Which type of hemolysis are normal? which are pathogenic?

A

Typically, alpha and gamma are normal, beta is mostly pathogenic

29
Q

Which strep species causes dental plaque and cavities?

A

Strep. salivarius

30
Q

Which strep causes dental caries (tooth decay)?

A

Strep. mutans

31
Q

Why are candle jars important for incubating plates with strep?

A

Because andle jars are enriched and have high co2/low O2 concentrations.

32
Q

What unit indicates evidence of a UTI?

A

> 100,000 bacteria

33
Q

What is EMB agar?

A

a differential media used to isolate gram - bacteria

34
Q

What microorganisms cause UTI’s?

A

E.coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp.

35
Q

If dipstick is positive for glucose it means….

A

glucose is found in urine and possible diabetes in patient

36
Q

If dipstick is positive for bilirubin it means…

A

Red blood cells are breaking down patient may have liver damage or disease

37
Q

If dipstick is positive for Ketones it means…

A

Means there is excessive fatty acid breakdown and there may be issues between patient and diet (anorexia, diabetes, starvation)

38
Q

If dipstick is positive for blood it means…

A

hemoglobin is present and can be early sign of kidney disease of urinary tract disease

39
Q

If dipstick indicates pH is too high or low it means…

A

High pH: UTI

Low pH: emphysema, diabetic ketoacidosis, diarrhea

40
Q

What pH is normal for urine?

A

4.6-8

41
Q

If dipstick indicates positive for nitrite, it means…

A

Nitrite is in urine and indicates UTI

42
Q

If dipstick indicates positive for leukocytes it means…

A

UTI is present becaue normal urine has no leukocytes

43
Q

What is the main purpose of the reductase test?

A

To test the quality of milk

44
Q

How does the reductase test work?

A

The removal of oxygen from milk will cause color to disappear. If the color disappears more quickly, it will indicate large numbers of bacteria

45
Q

What chemical agent will be added to milk during reductase test?

A

Resazurin. It will go from blue/purple to pink and eventually colorless

46
Q

How do we determine the number of bacteria in reductase test?

A

We can use the standard pour plate count method.

47
Q

Certified raw milk cannot exceed _______ bacteria

A

10,000

48
Q

Certified pasteurized milk cannot exceed _______ bacteria

A

500

49
Q

Grade A raw milk cannot exceed ______ bacteria

A

100,000

50
Q

Grade A pasteurized milk cannot exceed _________ bacteria

A

200,000

51
Q

Which milk cannot be consumed?

A

industrial-grade milk

Microbiology 211 Lab (5 decks)

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