Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is biosafety?
It is a general protocol used in laboratory to prevent exposure to contaminated culture/bacteria.
What is biosafety level 1?
In BSL 1, we are working with microbes that present little to no threat to us. We must still make sure to wear protective gear (lab coat and eye protection) and disinfect lab bench and wash hands.
What is biosafety level 2?
In BSL 2, we will often work with microorganisms associated with human disease. We have to follow BSL 1 safety procedures and also make sure that we were gloves and work in a sterile environment.
What is biosafety level 3?
In BSL 3, we will work with diseases that may have serious or lethal consequences. We follow BSL 2 and make sure decontamination occurs. We will have to wear lab coat, eye protection, gloves and respiratory protection.
What goes inside the sharps container?
Only sharp glass objects
What goes inside the step on can (biohazard)?
Only for soft contaminated materials (gloves, paper, cotton etc)
What is the pipette jar for?
Only for reusable glass pipettes.
What do we use to clean bright-field microscope?
lens paper
How do we store the microscope?
Make sure to clean lens, turn light off, lower stage, wrap cord, turn to 4x magnification and use both hands to return to the proper number slot
What is brightfield microscope used for? What is one advantage?
Since we work with small samples, we make sure to place them in a bright background so they are easier to view. That is why we use them for staining procedures
What is dark field microscope used for? What is one advantage?
We use this when working with unstained specimens and it is good because they are light organisms viewed under a dark background.
What is the phase contrast microscope used for? What is one advantage?
Phase-contrast microscopy is a technique used for gaining contrast in a translucent specimen without staining the specimen. We are able to see internal structures and are mainly for living cells.
What is fluorescent microscopy used for? What is one advantage
Fluorescent microscopy is often used to image specific features. It is also used to visually enhance 3-D features at small scales.
It has a highly specific fluorescent stain
What is electron microscopy used for? What is one advantage
is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens. It is used in research to investigate the structure of tissues, cells, organelles, etc.
PRO: much higher magnification and resolution
What is cyanobacteria?
microscopic organisms found naturally in all types of water. Most of them form colonies and obtain their food like photosynthesis. They are a oxygen producing prokaryote.
What is algae?
They fall within the eukaryotes category and can be both unicellular and multicellular. They also perform photosynthesis, they do this with chloroplasts
What is protozoa?
- Single-celled eukaryotes
- Most lack cell walls
- Uses organic carbon for growth by consuming other organisms
- Some are human parasites
List 4 differences between eukaryote and prokaryote
Eukaryotes are bigger, more complex cells with membrane bound organelles and cytoskeleton.
Prokaryotes are smaller, simpler cells with no membrane bond organelles and no cytoskeleton
What is a parasite?
an organism that lives in another organism (host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense.
What is the purpose of aseptic technique?
Safe handling and transfer of bacterial cultures
Avoid contamination of bacterial culture by unwanted organisms
What are the 3 types of motility for bacteria
Flagellates
Ameboid
Ciliates
Ex: flagella
Amoba,
What are the 3 types of motility for bacteria
Flagellates
Ameboid
Ciliates
Ex: flagella
Amoba,
What is the purpose of bunsen burner?
To make sure all of our tools are sterilized before using them
What is the purpose of inoculating loop?
To pick up broth species
What is the purpose of inoculating needle?
To pick up agar species
What is culture medium?
Nutrient material for the growth of microbes. (e.g. Petri Dish)
What is inoculation?
Introduction of a microbe into culture medium
What is a pure culture?
Contains a single species of microbe
What is a contaminated culture?
Contains an unwanted microbe or microbes
What is the 4 genera of fungi?
Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Deuteromycota
What is bacillus shape?
rod shaped bacteria
What is cocci shape?
spherical shape bacteria
What is spirillum shape?
Spiral shape bacteria
What is strepto arrangement?
Chain like structure
What is Staphylo arrangment?
cluster like “grapes”
What is diplo arrangement?
Arranged by pairs
What is tetra arrangement?
Arranged by fours
When describing bacterial shape we will have to state the _____ and ________
Shape and arrangement
What is general purpose media?
a media that will support the growth of a wide variety of bacteria
Con: microbes you dont want may be present
What is selective media?
Grows certain selective types of microbes in one of two ways:
Providing or withholding certain nutrients to selectively grow microbes (e.g. PDA)
Adding inhibitory substances like antibiotics
What is differential media
Addition of substances that cause bacteria to take on a different appearance from other species
What is a smear?
thin layer of live specimen on a glass slide
Used for staining procedures
Smears can be made from either broth or agar culture
How do you make a smear from agar?
First apply drop of water to slide with loop
Use inoculation needle to transfer microbes
What is the advantage and disadvantage of agar smear?
Advantage: Relatively easy to control the amount of microbes to transfer
Disadvantage: Easy to add too much of the cultured microbe to the slide (result = smear will be too dense)
How do you make a smear from broth?
Use inoculation loop for aseptic transfer
What is the advantage and disadvantage of broth smear?
Advantage: Easier to make a smear from broth than from agar (one less step)
Disadvantage: Difficult to control amount of microbes transferred to slide
