Quiz 5 Flashcards
A test with a specificity of 98%, compared to a test with a specificity of 67%, will find:
a) Fewer false positives
b) More false positives
c) Fewer false negatives
d) More false negatives
a) Fewer false positives
What type of diagnostic tools are often presented as scoring systems, where each predictor is assigned a point value if present or absent, and the points are summed to give a ‘score’ of risk probability estimate?
a) Clinical prediction rules
b) Receiver operator prediction rules
c) Diagnostic likelihood ratio rules
d) Validated risk prediction rules
a) Clinical prediction rules
A test that is known to be highly accurate for diagnosing the condition being considered is also known as:
a) Gold-standard test
b) Gold-diagnosis test
c) High-standard test
d) Primary-diagnosis test
a) Gold-standard test
When using the PICO mnemonic to structure diagnostic clinical questions, the ‘I’ represents the:
a) Reference diagnostic test
b) Diagnostic test you are evaluating
c) Intervention you are testing
d) The ‘I’ is not used in questions of diagnostic accuracy
b) Diagnostic test you are evaluating
Which test measure(s) would be affected by an increase in the percentage of people in a sample who have the disease, leading to an increase in the pre-test probability of disease?
a) Sensitivity and specificity
b) Post-test probability of a positive test and post-test probability of a negative test
c) Post-test probability of a positive test, post-test probability of a negative test, sensitivity and specificity
d) None of the measure of diagnostic accuracy are affected by pre-test probability
b) Post-test probability of a positive test and post-test probability of a negative test
The setting in which a study of diagnostic accuracy takes place and the spectrum of patients enrolled:
a) Can affect the measured sensitivity of the test
b) Can affect the measured specificity of the test
c) Can affect the measured specificity or sensitivity of the test
d) Affects neither the measured specificity nor the sensitivity of the test
c) Can affect the measured specificity or sensitivity of the test
If a test has high sensitivity and a patient has a negative result on the test, this result is helpful in:
a) Ruling out a condition
b) Ruling in a condition
c) Neither ruling in nor ruling out a condition
a) Ruling out a condition
What does a false positive result for a test mean?
a) Disease is absent and test is negative
b) Disease is present and test is positive
c) Disease is present and test is negative
d) Disease is absent and test is positive
d) Disease is absent and test is positive
In tests of diagnostic accuracy, the reference standard may sometimes include a combination of tests – for example, clinical examination and MRI. If the index test you are evaluating is included in the reference standard:
a) Verification bias can occur, which will underestimate the diagnostic accuracy of the test
b) Verification bias can occur, which will overestimate the diagnostic accuracy of the test
c) Incorporation bias can occur, which will underestimate the diagnostic accuracy of the test
d) Incorporation bias can occur, which will overestimate the diagnostic accuracy of the test
d) Incorporation bias can occur, which will overestimate the diagnostic accuracy of the test
Which reported test measure describes how well a test detects the disease is NOT present in people who do NOT have the condition?
a) Specificity
b) Negative predictive value
c) Positive predictive value
d) sensitivity
a) Specificity
A test with a positive likelihood ratio of 0.5 would be considered useful to perform for ruling in a disease diagnosis
a) True
b) False
b) False
If the post-test probability of a positive test was 97%, it would be most useful for:
a) Ruling out a condition
b) Ruling in a condition
c) Neither ruling in nor ruling out a condition
b) Ruling in a condition
What is the name of the graph/curve that plots the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, with changes in the cut-off value assigned to the measure of interest?
a) Sensitivity-specificity curve
b) Clinical prediction curve
c) Hazard operating curve
d) Receiver operator characteristic curve
d) Receiver operator characteristic curve
