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Wildlife Biology (Exam 3) > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

Quiz 5 (Oct 22nd/24th)

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1
Q

Fishes Characteristics

A

1st vertebrates
spinal cord
skull
~30,000 species

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2
Q

Icthyology

A

the study of fishes

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3
Q

Fishes Classes (3 major)

A

Agnatha (jawless fishes Lamprey and Hagfish)
Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, ratfishes and, skates)
Osteichthyes (boney fish)

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4
Q

Agnatha Type of fishes

A

jawless

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5
Q

Agnatha Species

A

Lampreys and Hagfish

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6
Q

Agnatha Characteristics

A
  • no jaws, muscular mouth
  • no scales
  • cartilage skeleton
  • can be parasitic
  • one median fin on dorsal surface (only 1 no pair)
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7
Q

Class Agnatha: Species Lamprey

A
  • live in sea or fresh water
  • parasitic
  • eel like body
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8
Q

Class Agnatha: Species Hagfish

A
  • ocean dwelling
  • no obvious eyes, can be covered by skin
  • tentacles near mouth
  • feed on dead sunken animals at bottom of ocean
  • defense: produce slime that sticks to predators mouth and gills
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9
Q

Chondrichthyes Species

A

sharks, rays, ratfishes, and skates

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10
Q

Chondrichthyes Characteristics

A
  • cartilage skeleton
  • have jaw
  • countershaded: dark back, light belly
  • typically 5 gill slits
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11
Q

Class Chondrichthyes: Species Sharks

  • cartilage skeleton
  • jaw
  • countershaded
  • typically 5 gill slits
A

-spiracle behind the eye
-paired pectoral fins, pelvic fins, and median fins (dorsal)
-heterocercal caudal tail: large upper and smaller lower lobe
-oily liver for buoyancy
-counter current flow btw water and blood
-triangular teeth can be replaced if lost
(teeth are modified scales)

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12
Q

Class Chondrichthyes: Species Sharks: Largest Species

A

Basking Shark
Whale Shark
-both are filter feeders (plankton)
vestigial teeth: reduced teeth (from ancestors) that are no longer used

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13
Q

Chondrichthyes: Species Rays and Skates

A
  • demersal life (live and camouflage with the sea floor)
  • some can sting
  • gill slits (underside behind mouth) and spiracles (on top)
  • flat teeth for grinding food
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14
Q

Chondrichthyes: Sharks: Special Features

A
  • dermal denticles (skin teeth): placoid scales (embedded)
  • nares: nostrils
  • Ampullae of Lorenzi: pores at tip of nose that detect weak electric fields
  • Nictitating membrane: covers eye, protect when feeding
  • lateral line system: detects water pressure
  • cloaca: opening for reproduction and waste disposal
  • male sharks: claspers, nubs to aid in reproduction
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15
Q

Chondrichthyes: Sharks: types of reprocuction

A
  • Oviparous: birth eggs
  • Viviparous: live birth w/maternal nourishment (placenta)
  • Ovoviviparous: live birth w/no nourishment
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16
Q

Osteichthyes: Boney Fish: Characteristics

A
  • most advanced
  • bone
  • swim bladder: controls buoyancy w/ gas
  • external mucus
  • operculum: gill cover
  • homocercal caudal fin: even upper and lower lobes
  • scales: cycloid (rounded) or ctenoid (jagged)
17
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Boney Fish

18
Q

Osteichthyes: Boney Fish: Senses/Coloration

A 
Senses
-see color, acute smell
-barbels: feeling tentacles
-lateral line to detect water pressure
Coloration
-warning 
-countershading 
-cryptic (visually trick a predator) 
-disruptive (disrupts outline of body, stripes or bars)
19
Q

Osteichthyes: Boney Fish: Reproduction

A
  • typically external fertilization, spawn eggs (oviparous)

- some viviparous and ovoviviparous too

20
Q

Anadromous lifestyle

A

live in ocean as adults and migrate to freshwater to spawn

-lampreys and salmon

21
Q

Catadromous lifestyle

A

live in freshwater as adults and migrate to ocean to spawn

22
Q

Heterocercal Caudal Tail

A

tail fin split into large upper and smaller lower lobes

23
Q

what is a sharks oily liver used for?

A

buoyancy

24
Q

Counter Current Flow

A

when sea water and sharks blood flow in opposite directions to extract more oxygen from the water

25
Q

Nares (Sharks)

A

nostrils

26
Q

Ampullae of Lorenzi (Sharks)

A

pores on a face and tip of nose that detect weak electrical fields

27
Q

Nictitating Membrane (Sharks)

A

like an eyelid that protects eyes while feeding

28
Q

Lateral Line System

A

detects water pressure

29
Q

Cloaca (Sharks both genders)

A

opening for reproduction and waste disposal

30
Q

Claspers (Male Sharks only)

A

nubs to aid in reproduction

Wildlife Biology (Exam 3) (4 decks)

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