Quiz #5 Flashcards
Superior Attach ribs 1-11
Inferior Attach ribs 2-12
External Intercostals
Superior attach ribs 1-11
Inferior attach ribs 2-12
Hint: fibre direction 90 degrees to external intercostals
Internal intercostals
Separated from the internal intercostals by neurovascular bundle
Innermost Intercostals
External intercostal actions
Quiet and forced inspiration (through elevation of the ribs)
Internal and inner most inercostals action
Forced expiration
12 pairs
SA: TVPs of C7-T11
IA: ribs (immediately inferior)
Action elevate ribs
Levator costarum
Medial attachment: 1 rib and its costal cartilage
Lateral attachment: middle 1/3rd of the inferior surface of the clavicle
Action: anchors, depresses and draws the clavicle medically
Subclavius
Where does the dome of the diaphragm sit during breathing?
4th intercostals space (expiration)
6th intercostal space (inspiration)
Muscular attachments of the diaphragm inferiorly insert
- Internal surfaces of lower 6 ribs
- upper lumbar vertebrae via 2 muscular crura
- medial arcuate ligaments (upper lumbar vertebral bodies to TVPs - travel over psoas)
- lateral arcuate ligaments (L1 TVP to 12 rib over QL)
The muscular fibres converge radially into a strong aponeurotic tendon called the
Central Tendon
Has a C-Shaped appearance with a central, left and right ‘leaflet’
The Central Tendon
Action of central tendon
With contraction, the diaphragm moves inferiorly so that it is flattened
Contraction of the diaphragm causes inferior movement of the central tendon. As it flattens, it increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity. (Increased thoracic volume)
Inspiration
The ribs are raised and move laterally which increases the transverse dimensions of the thorax (increased volume) this is called
The bucket-handle movement.
As the ribs are raised, the anterior parts of the ribs and the sternum move anteriorly which increases the anteroposterior dimensions of the thorax (increased volume). This is called
The pump handle movement
The increase in vertical, transverse, and AP dimension create a negative pressure in the lungs which results in
Air being drawn in (inspiration)
The thoracic volume increases which decreases thoracic pressure AND abdominal volume decreases which increases abdominal pressure
Inspiration
Diaphragm relaxes and moves superiorly.
This with the elastic recoil of the lungs decreases the thoracic volume and increases the thoracic pressure and air flows out
Expiration
The diaphragm remains relatively relaxed.
Accessory muscles of respiration lift the chest up and out.
This is an inefficient means of respiration
Apical Breathing
The region below the pelvic cavity.
Floor: skin
Roof: Pelvic diaphragm
The Perineum
Lavator Ani (2) Coccygeus (2)
Pelvic Diaphragm
Anterior attach. Back of pubis, spine of ischium
Posterior attach. Anococcygeal ligament, lower sacrum & coccyx
Levator Ani
Lateral attachment: pelvic surface of the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
Medial: lateral margin of coccyx and S5
Coccygeus
Supports the pelvic viscera, helps maintain control of bodily functions
Actions of the pelvic diaphragm
Arranged in 3 layers in the spaces between adjacent ribs and has 11 pairs
From superficial to deep
1) external
2) internal
3) innermost
The intercostals
