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T2 Anatomy > quiz #3 > Flashcards

quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull. Hint: it is synovial condyloid joint!

A

Atlanto-Occipital joint

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2
Q

What are the movements of the Atlanto-Occipital joint?

A

flexion of the head on neck

extension of head on neck

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3
Q

The articular facet of C1 articulates with the _____ anteriorly of C2.

Hint: C1 rotates on it and it is a synovial pivot joint

A

Atlanto-Axial joint or Dens

it allows for 70 degrees of rotation

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4
Q

What does the transverse ligament of the atlas do?

A

it holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1

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5
Q

Bands travel from the transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2

A

Cruciate/Cruciform ligament

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6
Q

Attaches the dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum and prevents excessive rotation

A

Alar Ligaments

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7
Q

Attaches the dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum

A

Apical Ligament

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8
Q

This ligament travels/ is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from sacrum to C2.

It checks hyperflexion of the spine and prevents posterior protrusion of the IVD.

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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9
Q

The most superior part is the tectorial membrane which attaches onto the occiput and has posterolateral protrusion.

A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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10
Q

Travels and is anchored to the anterior aspect o the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from sacrum to occiput.

Checks hyperextension of the spine and stabilizes the intervertebral joints

A

Anterior Longitudinal ligament

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11
Q

factors affecting ROM

A

Size and shape of IVD’s
Angle of the facet joints
laxity of ligaments/joint capsules

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12
Q

Attaches from Lamina to Lamina from sacrum up to C1.

It helps to preserve normal curves and to return spine to normal position after flexion

A

Ligamenta Flava

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13
Q

Attaches between SP’s and limits flexion

A

Interspinous ligaments

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14
Q

Attaches posteriorly along tips of SP’s from C7 to Sacrum and limits flexion

A

Supraspinous ligament

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15
Q

Attaches from C7 to back of the skull and is a thickening of the interspinous/ supraspinous ligaments

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

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16
Q

This is the only bony articulation between the upper-limb and the axial skeleton. The Clavical articulates with the manubrium and costal cartilage of the 1st Rib and is a synovial saddle joint. It is also separated by a firbrocartilagenous articular disc

A

Sternoclavicular Ligament (S-C Joint)

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17
Q

Sternoclavicular Ligament (S-C Joint) available movements

A

elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
ROTATION!!!!!

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18
Q

This ligament attaches from the 1st Rib to the sternal end of the clavical and checks all movements of the clavical except inferior

A

Costoclavicular ligaments

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19
Q

This ligament connects the 2 SC joints across the manubirum

A

Interclavicular ligament

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20
Q

You can find this ligament both anteriorly and posteriorly on the SC joint

A

Sternoclavicular Ligament

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21
Q

The manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum and it is cartilagenous with some movement during respiration

A

Manubriosternal joint

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22
Q

Where the body of the sternum articulates with the xiphoid process and it cartilagenous

A

Xiphisternal joint

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23
Q

The cartilages of the first 7 Ribs and costal notches on lateral borders of the sternum.

A

Chondrosternal Joints

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24
Q

What type of joint(s) is (are) the Chondrosternal Joints?

Hint: Radiate sternocostal ligaments

A

Rib 1 & Manubrium: Cartilagenous

Rib 2-7: Synovial

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25
Q

These joints are cartilagenous. The lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into a Cup-Shaped anterior end of its associated rib.

Interestingly, it has no ligaments but is supported and bound by periosteum

A

Costochondral joints

26
Q

The adjacent borders of the costal cartilages articulate and is supported by its same named ligaments. Synovial!

A

Interchondral joints

27
Q

The head of the rib articulates with the facets on the side of the vertebral body.

The superior facet of the head artiiculates with the inferior facet of the superior vertebral body.

The inferior facet on the head articulates with the superior facet on the vertebral body of the same number.

Hint: plane synovial joints

A

Costovertebral Joints

28
Q

The head of the Rib to the 2 vertebral bodies and disc between

A

Radiate Ligaments

29
Q

This layer of the back has 2 muscles on the posterior thorax, is an accessory muscles of the respiration.

Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic)

30
Q 
3 Layers (superficial, intermediate, and deep)
Maintains posture and move the spine/head
A

Deep Muscles (intrinsic)

31
Q

Superficial layer (of the deep muscles)

A

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

32
Q 
Intermediate Layer (of the deep muscles) 
- 3 columns of muscles collectively called the erector spinae (aka paraspinals).

Medial to Lateral they are…

A

(a) Spinalis
(b) Longissimus
(c) iliocostalis

33
Q

Deep Layer: found in the groove between the spinous an transverse processes (the laminar groove) They attach from the transverse processes to the spinous processes (of more superior vertebrae. These muscles are collectively called the transversospinalis muscles.

From superficial to deep they are…

A

(superomedial fibre)
semispinalis (capitus, cervicis, thoracis)
multifidus
rotatores

(vertical fibre)
interspinales
intertransversarii

34
Q

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic)

Is deep to rhomboids and is superficial to the erector spinae.

It attaches to the SP’s of C7-T3 medially
It attaches to the superior borders of ribs 2-5 laterally

action: elevates ribs 2-5

A

Serratus Posterior Superior

Deep Inhilation

35
Q

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic)

deep to lats/ thoracolumbar fascia and is superficial to the erector spinae

It attaches to SP’s of T11 - L2 medially
It attaches to lower ribs laterally

Action: draws ribs down and back

A

Serratus Posterior Inferior

36
Q

Deep Layer (intrinsic)

Inferior attachment: SP’s of C4 - T2
Superior attachment: Mastoid Process and Lateral superior nuchal line

action: Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation
action: bilateral contraction: extension of the neck

A

Splenius Capitis (Superficial)

37
Q

Deep Layer (intrinsic)

inferior attachment: SP’s of T3 - T5
Superior attachment: C1 - C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles)

action: Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation
action: bilateral contraction: extension of the neck

A

Splenius Cervicis

38
Q

These intermediate muscles arise inferiorly from the thoracolumbar fascia and spread out in a superolateral direction.

They are sibdivided into 3 columns of muscles on either side of the spine and each column has 3 segments

A

Medial to lateral

1) Spinalis
2) Longissimus
3) Iliocostalis

39
Q

Very thin and sits in the laminar groove (beside the SP’s)
Attach to SP’s
–> Thoracis; cervicis; capitus

A

Spinalis

40
Q

Longest Column and attach to TVP’s

  • thoracis (TVP’s of thoracic spine)
  • cervicis (TVP’s of cervical spine)
  • capitus (mastoid process)
A

Longissimus

41
Q

Attaches to angles of the ribs and is most lateral of the 3

  • lumborum (angle of ribs 8-12)
  • thoracis (angle of ribs 1-7)
  • cervicis (TVP’s of C3-6)

actions:
Unilateral: lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Bilateral: extension of the vertebral column

A

Iliocostalis

42
Q

Covers 1/2 of the spinal column but skips vertabrae 3-6
–> Thoracis; Cervicis; capitis

Attaches: superiorly to the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

LARGEST MASS IN POSTERIOR NECK

Actions:
Bilateral: extension of the head and neck
Unilateral: Contralateral rotation of the neck

A

Semispinalis

43
Q

Only muscle having muscles fibres running over posterior sacrum

From S4 - C2 (skipping 1 - 3 vertebrae)

Actions: Bilateral: extension of the spine, stabilization
Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

A

Multifidus

44
Q

Deepest in the laminar groove

Longus: skips 1 vertabra
Brevis: attaches to next highest vertebra

actions; bilateral: stabilization
unilateral: contralateral rotation

A

Rotatores

45
Q

Vertical fibre direction

Paired muscles on either side of cervical and lumbar SPs
Action: extension

A

Interspinalis

46
Q

Vertical fibre direction

attach TVPs of adjacent vertabrae of cervical and lumbar spine
action: lateral felxion

A

Intertransversarii

47
Q

Name the 4 suboccipital muscles

A

1) Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
2) Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
3) Obliquus Capitis Inferior
4) Obliquus Capitis Superior

48
Q

Inferior Attachment: SP of C2
Superior Attachment: inferior nuchal line

Actions: (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of the head
Actions: (bilateral contraction): extend the head on the neck

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

49
Q

Inferior attachment: posterior arch of C1 (posterior tubercle)
Superior attachment: inferior nuchal line

Action: bilateral contraction: extend the head on the neck

Hint: also attaches to the Dura Mater by disrupting CSF flow

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

50
Q

Inferior attachment; SP of C2
Superior attachment: TVP of C1

Action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of the head @ atlantoaxial joint

A

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

51
Q

Inferior attachment: TVP of C1
Superior attachment: between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Action: Unilateral Contraction: Lateral flexion of the head on neck

(bilateral contraction): extend the head on the neck

A

Obliquus Capitis Superior

52
Q

Which muscles define the Suboccipital Triangle?
Name them and the border they occupy.

Key for headaches

A

Inferolateral border: Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Superolateral border: Obliquus Capitis Superior
Superomedial border: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Floor: Posterior Atlanto-Occipital membrane
Roof: Semispinalis m.

Contents: vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve

53
Q

What is the Looking Reflex?

A

The head wants to follow where the eye take them

54
Q

Inferior attachment: lateral Mass C1
Surperior attachment: occiput

action: flexes head on neck

A

Rectus capitis anterior

55
Q

Inferior attachment: TVP of C1
Superior attachment: Occiput

Action: flexes head on neck
Action: laterally flexes head on neck

A

Rectus capitis lateralis

56
Q

Inferior attachment: body of T3
Superior attachment: anterior tubercle of C1

Additional attachments to the bodies and TVPs of the cervical spine

action: flexion of the neck

A

Longus Colli (aka longus cervicis)

57
Q

inferior attachment: TVPs of C3-6
superior attachment: Occiput

action: flexion of the head and neck

A

Loongus Capitis

58
Q

S. Attachment: anterior tubercles of C3-6 TVPS
I. Attachment: rib 1 (scalene tubercle)

Actions: flexion of the neck; ipsilateral flexion of the neck; elevates 1st rib during during forced inhalation; contralateral rotation of the neck (weak)

A

Anterior Scalene

59
Q

S. attachment: posterior tubercles of C2-7 TVPs
I. attachment: Rib 1 (posterior to subclavian artery)

actions: ipsilateral flexion; elevates 1st rib during inhalation; contralateral rotation of the neck (weak)

A

middle Scalene

60
Q

S. Attachment: posterior tubercles of C4-6 TVPs
I. Attachment: rib 2

actions:: ipsilateral lateral flexion & elevates rib 2 during forced inhalation

A

Posterior Scalene

61
Q

S. Attachment: Mastoid Process
I. Attachment: Sternum (sternal head)/ Clavical (clavicular head)

Actions: contralateral rotation of the head and neck; ipsilateral lateral felxxion of the head and neck; flexion of the neck (if the neck/head is in neutral or flexed); extension of the head (if the head is already extended); assists with inspiration

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

62
Q

Base: mandible
Lateral border: SCM
medial border: midsagittal plane of the neck
contents: muscles, arteries, veins, lymph nodes, viscera

A

Anterior Cervical Triangle

T2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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