Quiz 5

Question 1

Which of the following philosophical concepts is something that a preservationist may accuse of conservationists because of his or her reliance on management plans?

1) ecocentrism

2) scientism

3) naturalistic fallacy

4) social ecology

5) holism

Answer 1

scientism

Conservationists relies on management plans rooted in scientific methods

Conservationists → sustainable use of nature

Preservationist → protecting nature from human use

Scientism→ only relying on scientific methods to understand the environment

Question 2

Of the main environmentalist thinkers we studied, who believed that humans should consider the entire ecosystem to be a community?

1) Muir

2) Singer

3) Locke

4) Pinchot

5) Leopold

Answer 2

Leopold

Leopold emphasise the need to view entire ecosystem to be a community

Question 3

What is the metaphor used to describe a situation in which a particular action would result in a optimal solution for all, but individual incentive to act selfishly will result in a worse situation for everyone?

1) res communes

2) res nullis

3) the prisoner`s dilemma

4) an institution

5) a commons arrangement

Answer 3

the prisoner`s dilemma

Question 4

Which of the following philosophical concept is closely related to the idea that non-human entities can also be regarded as ethical subjects?

1) utilitarianism

2) moral extensionism

3) stewardship

4) preservation

5) the dominion thesis

Answer 4

moral extensionism

Question 5

Of the following proposed solution to problems related to the tragedy of the commons, which one would Garrett Hardin have most likely supported?

1) taxes

2) institutions

3) privatization

4) strict regulations

5) education

Answer 5

privatization

Hardin → individuals acting in their own self-interest would deplete shared resources unless those resources were either regulated or privatized

Question 6

Of the many environmentalist thinkers we studied, who believed that every sentient being deserves to have their suffering minimised?

1) Muir

2) Pinchot

3) Locke

4) Leopold

5) Singer

Answer 6

Singer

Singer → emphasise animal rights

Question 7

Image that you are one of many fishers relying on a single lake for the fishery. If your fisher group sets up a system in which the fisher who volunteer more time to run the group are allowed to fish more, which of the following design principles identified by Elinor Ostrom would it satisfy?

1) sanctions

2) proportionality

3) collective choice

4) monitoring

5) conflict resolution

Answer 7

proportionality

proportionality → the benefits or rights individuals receive (in this case, the amount of fish they are allowed to catch) should be proportional to their contributions

① Sanctions→ focus on pentalty

② Collective choice→ stakeholders participate in decision-making

④ Monitoring → tracking use and behabiour

⑤ Conflict resolution → deals with management disputes

Question 8

Institutional commons management has its share of problems. Which of the following choices best describes the problem that transactional costs would be too expensive when negotiations need to be held over larger spaces and greater number of stakeholders?

1) problem of social equity

2) problem of gender

3) problem of scale

4) problem of complexity

5) problem of complexity

Answer 8

problem of scale

Question 9

Which of the following philisophical concepts is something that a utilitarian would accuse an environmentalist who regards the existing conditions of wilderness to be necessarily good?

1) naturalistic fallacy

2) social ecology

3) ecocentrism

4) holism

5) scientism

Answer 9

naturalistic fallacy

naturalistic fallacy → just because something is natural, it is automatically good or right

A utilitarian might accuse an environmentalist who believes that the current state of wilderness is always good of committing this fallacy