quiz #4 short answer Flashcards
what kind of soil to ferns prefer?
rich, well drained
what are the leaves called on a fern
frond
what are the leaflets called on a fern
pinnae
what is the stem/stalk called on a fern
stipe
where are spores located and contained on a fern
underside of the fronds and contained in structures called sori
what are the 3 categories of ferns
1) deciduous (ladys fern)
2) semi-evergreen
3) Evergreen
what is a crozier on a fern
fiddlehead- unfurled frond
define evergreen fern
keep their leaves all winter
deciduous define fern
after -4 they lose their leaves (fall)
fern evergreen examples
Hart’s- tongue Fern
Deer Fern
Christmas Fern
groundcover examples fern
Hart’s- tongue Fern
Ruffled Oak Fern
deciduous examples fern
Lady Fern
Japanese Painted Fern
Ruffled Oak Fern
Ostrich Fern
delicate fern example
Lady Fern
good fern for hot summers
Japanese painted fern
what is interesting about deer fern
Deer Fern- fertile fronds that are tall and narrow in the middle of the plant
semi-evergreen example fern
Autumn Fern
what is unique about autumn fern
-it doesn’t turn colour in the fall, the new fronds are copper (spring/summer), then later in the season they turn green until after frost
part sun-sun tolerant fern
Autumn Fern (6 hours) Sensitive Fern (Full sun because of its many coating) Purple-stemmed Royal Fern(full sun-full shade)
invasive ferns
Ostrich Fern
Sensitive Fern
whats interesting about Ostrich Fern
Fertile fronds go up from the middle and can be used for winter interest
wet conditions fern
Ostrich fern
Sensitive Fern
Purple-stemmed Royal Fern
toxic fern
Sensitive Fern
tallest fern
Purple-stemmed Royal Fern
what are ferns and how old are they
ancient family plants: early fern fossils predate the beginning of the Mesozoic era, 360 million years ago
when were ferns popular
Victorian times and have made a comeback in recent years
define roll out
means every spring your garden has a new, fresh fern because ferns shed their leaves in the fall or winter and grow new leaves in the spring.
what conditions to roses need to be happiest
at least 6 hours of sun per day
avoid getting water on the leaves (fungus growth)
organic soil
acidic soil
water deeply once a week
clean cuts to remove old flowers and bas growth(quarter of an inch above on an outward facing bud)
they need good air circulation so pruning is important
always leave 3 stalks/canes
inspect all of the time and treat when needed
types of roses
bush- grounded according to their flowering habit.
climbers- long canes and require some sort of support, trained off fences, or trellises.
climbers and bush difference
6+ feet or more and need support
6+ feet of more, no support
Floribundas
Make-cross between hybrid tea and polyantha.
Flower- Smaller flowers with dense clusters
Growing Conditions- can tolerate the most neglect
Type: Bush
grandiflora
Make- resemble hybrid teas
Growing Condition- hardy
Bloom- large bush, smaller blooms than hybrid teas and more abundant blooming
Type: Bush
polyanthas
Flower-large clusters, smaller flowers than grandiflora. Easy to grow.
Type: Bush
hybrid perpetuals
Blooms- full, large, a lot more petals but lack the refinement of hybrid teas. Blooms frequently than older shrub rose varieties
Growing Cond- can withstand low winter temps. without protection
Type: Bush
shrub rose
-large, dense growth. Flower- small but showy flowers -bear attractive seed pods -hardiest, good for general landscaping ex- knockout Type: Bush
old fashioned-
flowers not perfectly shaped hardy little care needed Fragrant Type: Bush
tree or standard rose
-highest maintenane
-have to dig it up and bring it in
-derived from grafting bush roses on upright trunks
Type: Bush
Miniature Roses
-6inches tall
-minimal leaves and flowers
Type: Bush
rambler rose
-rapid growing
-hardy
-flower once during season
Type: Climbing
large- flowered climbers
large flower clusters
grow slowly
heavy pruning in spring required
Everblooming Climbers
- bloom heavily early summer
- scattered flowers after that, although some types have more of a longer bloom
best to use in garden rose
floribundas, hybrid perpetuals polyanthus an grandifloras
cane on rose
stalks (keep 3-5)
get rid of week canes
bud eye- rose
breaks (not thorns)
where new growth happens
crown-rose
where the canes meet
shank-rose
below the crown
sucker-rose
out of roots by the shank
anchor roots-rose
root system
when planting roses you should do the following
needs good drainage
plant 2 feet apart
access to sun
prevent spread of disease
when to prune roses
prune in the spring
best for disease roses
flower carpet
worst insect problem for roses
aphids
caterpillars
what do aphids do to roses
new growth and flower buds
appear in heavy numbers
worst diseases for roses and what are they and how to get rid of them
black spots- from wet conditions (Water being on the leaf for 6 hours or longer)
powdery mildew - cool and damp conditions- use a fungicide (bordo or baking soda)
-rotate treatments, otherwise it gets immune to it
how many explorer series are there- rose
25
climbing hybrid teas
- developed from seedlings and by chance grew randomly from a bush variety
- dont bloom as much as their bush parents
Climbing Polyanthus and Floribundas
-developed from sports and seedlings of polyanthus and floribundas
what acidity to roses prefer
5.5-6.6 PH
name examples of bush roses
Floribunas, grandiflora, polyanthus, hybrid perpetuals, shrub rose, old fashioned, tree/standard, mini rose
examples of climber roses
Rambler, large-flowered climbers, everblooming climbers, climbing hybrid teas, climbing polyanthus and floribundas
which canes should be removed first when pruning
canes killed by cold, insects or disease
how much do you cut the canes back- roses
12-15 inches above ground or to a bud 1 inch below and damaged part of the cane
how does cold damage look on a rose
browning of the stem and brown pith
how to prune roses
1/4 an inch above a bud and 45 degree angle
how many sturdy canes should be left on a rose
3-4
Why are Shrub Roses in the Explorer series used
used for their ability to propagate on their own roots
semi-deciduous define rose
lasts longer than -4 but not over winter
hybrid tea
- originally crossed between tea rose and hybrid perpetual
- used most for cut flowers
- thousands of varieties
- primary rose in floral shops and in gardens
