Quiz #4 prep

Question 1

Why is it important to know the O2 saturation of Hb of your patient for function and endurance?

Answer 1

b/c O2 dissociates very fast from Hb if/when below 90% SpO2 .
Basically is a patient has 90% O2 saturation and starts ambulating they could faint or fall.

Question 2

Which lung volume/capacities measurement can be performed with a tape measure?

Answer 2

Tidal volume and vital capacity (objective measurements)

Question 3

What of the lung volume measurements change when a patient has COPD?

Answer 3

residual volume; residual volume increases b/c the patient expiration is impaired.

Question 4

What are normative numbers for ventilation?

Answer 4

tidal volume = 400 - 700 ml
RR = 12 - 22 breaths/min
Minute Volume (TV x RR) = 5 - 10 L/min
Dead space (lungs vent but not perfused with blood flow) = 125 - 175 ml
dead space/tidal volume = 0.2 - 0.4 (incr w/pulm embolism & pulm HTN
Aveolar ventilation (vol air participates in gas exchange) = 4 - 5 L

Question 5

FVC and VC should be within ____ ml of each other?

Answer 5

200 ml

Question 6

Both FVC and VC are decreased in a patient with which lung disorder?

Answer 6

restricted lung disorders (RLD)

Question 7

The amount of air expired during the first second of FVC is?

Answer 7

FEV1

Question 8

Why would FEV1 decrease?

Answer 8

If the patient has decreased lung elasticity it makes it harder for air to be expired; seen in obstructive lung disorders (OLD)

Question 9

If FEV1 is decreased in your patient but they also have a decrease in FVC that is proportional what kind of lung disorder do they have?

Answer 9

RLD

Question 10

FEV1/FVC normal vales is? for healthy older adults is? for mild, moderate and severe impairments is?

Answer 10

norm = 75-85%
health older adults = 70-75%
mild =

Question 11

If a patient has a RLD what would you expect their FEV1/FVC to be?

Answer 11

an increase in ratio

Question 12

What are you looking for in the Flow Volume Loops and what

Answer 12

big dip

Question 13

Name a objective measurement to monitor obstructive (lung) problems?

Answer 13

PEF or peak expiratory flow

can be used to monitor progress/pre exercise with asthma pt

Question 14

If a pt is 80% SpO2% what would their PaO2 be?

Answer 14

about 50 mm Hg; if SpO2% is chronically low the pt can adjust and therefore by asymptomatic.

Question 15

Most common type of emphysema caused by smoking?

Answer 15

Centrilobular - destruction in bronchioles, upper lung regions.

Question 16

Emphysema risk factors?

Answer 16

smoking
increase in WBC
prolonged respirtatory disorder
protective protein (AAT) deficiency

Question 17

Pathogenesis of emphysema?

Answer 17

destruction of elastin with permanent over dissension of air spaces and increased compliance

Question 18

Cautions with emphysemic breathing?

Answer 18

poor profusion d/t hyper inflated lungs (increased dead space) therefore will fatigue easily
potential atelectasis (collapse of lung) with forced expiration so use pursed lip/controlled breathing

Question 19

What is Cor Pulmonale and what causes it?

Answer 19

Is term used to describe when the Right side of heart is hypertrophied due to high pressure in the lungs.

Question 20

Important to remember regarding the mechanism of asthma?

Answer 20

the body has an immune response with IgE (a big allergen) which attach to mast cells.
Results in bronchi constriction & increased capillary permeability leading to increase nasal & bronchial secretions.

Question 21

A pt with RLD might have increased RR, why?

Answer 21

to make up for their decreased perfusion ability.

Question 22

Define the Dyspnea scale ratings.

Answer 22

1 - light, barely noticeable

2. moderate, bothersome
3. moderately severe, very uncomfortable
4. severe difficulty, pt cannot continue