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N111 > Quiz 4- Knowledge dissemination & theorists > Flashcards

Quiz 4- Knowledge dissemination & theorists Flashcards

1
Q

hallmark of nursing practice

A

unique body of knowledge combined with a set of principles that guide the application of knowledge to the context

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2
Q

aim of nursing theory

A

to organize knowledge about nursing to enable nurses to use it in a professional & accountable manner

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3
Q

definition of a theory

A

purposeful set of assumptions/propositions that identify the relationships between concepts

  • provide a systematic view of explaining, predicting & prescribing phenomena
  • nursing theories usually not propositional, they reflect conceptualization of nursing for the purpose of describing explaining or prescribing care
  • constitute one aspect of disciplinary knowledge & create vital linkages to how inquiry is approached
  • provide perspective from which to view client situations, a way to organization data & a method of analyzing & interpreting info to bring about coherent & informed practice
  • human interventions
  • guide our actions, help us set forth desirable outcomes
  • give evidence to what has been achieved
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4
Q

what did conceptual frameworks do

A

organized core nursing concepts & proposed a relationship between these concepts “mental maps

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5
Q

conceptual frameworks purpose

A

to make sense of information & knowledge & information & decisional process thats a nurse needs to apply knowledge into practice

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6
Q

can nursing theories be proved or disproved with empirical devices?

A

no they represent ideas about how nurses might organize knowledge & processes of applying it

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7
Q

what is a concept

A

a mental formulation of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized & communicated
ex. Anxiety

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8
Q

what is a conceptualization

A

the process of forming concepts

ex. Framing behaviour patterns as anxiety related

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9
Q

what is an operational definition

A

a description of concepts said i na way that can be applied to decision making. Links concepts with other concepts & theories & often includes essential properties & distinguishing features of a concept.
ex. Differentiating the measurement of state & trait of anxiety

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10
Q

what is a theory

A

a purposeful set of assumptions/ propositions about a concept: shows relationship between concept & thereby provides a systematic view of phenomena so that they can be explained, prescribed or predicted.
Ex. Social determinants of health

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11
Q

what is an assumption

A

a description of concepts or connection of 2 concepts that are accepted as factual or true. Ideas about the nature & purpose of concepts & structure of a theory
Ex. “Nursing exists to serve a social mandate”

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12
Q

what is a preposition

A

a declarative assertion

ex. “ clients who receive appropriate nursing care have better health outcomes”

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13
Q

what is a phenomenon

A

an aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced. Nursing concepts & theory represent the theoretical approach to making sense of aspect of reality concerned with nursing.
ex. Pain

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14
Q

what is a theoretical model

A

mental representation of how things work

ex. Biopsychosocial model of health

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15
Q

what is a conceptual framework

A

the theoretical structure that links concepts together for a specific purpose. When it’s a purpose that shows that something works, it can also be described as a theoretical model. Link major nursing concepts & phenomena to direct nursing decision. (Also referred to as the nursing model or theories)
Ex. Orem’s self-care model of nursing

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16
Q

Who created the nursing process

A

Orlando

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17
Q

what do conceptual frameworks do

A

enable a nurse to grasp all aspects of a clinical situation within the larger context of available options for nursing care

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18
Q

what do nursing models attempt to do?

A

organize & synthesize knowledge about nursing so that they would be able to develop advanced clinical reasoning

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19
Q

what is a grand theory

A

Global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena such as human behaviour or nursing science.

  • Broad scope & require further application through research before they can be fully tested.
  • they aren’t intended to provide guidance toward specific nursing interventions. They provide structural framework to broad, abstract ideas
  • sometimes called paradigm
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20
Q

what is a middle-range theory

A

encompasses more limited scope, less abstract.
-adresses specific phenomena or concepts & reflect practice. These concepts tend to cross different nursing fields & reflect a variety of nursing care situations. Broad enough to be used in complex situations & also empirical testing

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21
Q

what is a descriptive theory

A

describes phenomena, speculates on why phenomena occur. Descriptive theories are designed not to direct specific nursing activities but to help explain client assessments & quite research

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22
Q

What is a prescriptive theory

A

addresses nursing interventions & helps predict the consequences of specific intervention.

  • should designate nursing intervention (prescription) the condition under which the prescription should occur & the consequences
  • prescriptive theories are ACTION ORIENTED
  • test of validity & predictability of nursing intervention.
  • These theories guide nursing research & develpe & test certain interventions
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23
Q

What is a nursing practice theory

A
  • Most limited scope of practice for use in a specific range of situations.
  • more direct impact on nursing
  • frameowkrs for intervention & predict outcomes.
  • Should still reflect concepts of more abstract level of nursing
  • Day to day nursing experience is a major source
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24
Q

What do kuhn do

A

challenged traditional notion of science as a logical progression of discoveries, arguing that major scientific developments occuron only when scientist through the problems in a radically new way. Creative thinking leading to new understandings

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25
Q

what is chaos theory

A

predictable patterns occurred in factors that could not be predicted scientifically (new approach to complex situations)

  • rejected simple cause & effect relationship
  • dynamic & interactive phenomena are reduced to the smallest properties that can be observed within their natural context so that their interaction can be interpreted with as little inference as possible
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26
Q

Nursing ways of knowing

A 
Empirical sciences 
Ethical 
personal 
aesthetic 
sociological 
emancipatory 
critical thinking
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27
Q

problem with NANDA

A

worrisome barriers to individualized care b/c of relies entirely on agreement of what constitutes average wellness & illness experience

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28
Q

Nightingale

A
  • Pracitce observations, epidemiology
  • Creating an environment conductive to healing
  • conditions necessary to promote health
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29
Q

henderson

A

basic human needs

  • assisting the individual, sick or well to perform those acticvieis that they would perform unaided given the strength, will or knowledge
  • 14 basic needs
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30
Q

travelbee

A

existential philosophy

  • preventing, coping with & making meaning of illness & suffering
  • interpersonal process
  • view pt. as family & community
  • role of nurse: assist pt. to prevent & cope with this experience of an illness, suffering & to find meaning in this experience
  • communication & humanity
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31
Q

rogers

A

wassermann energy fields

-Focus on unitary or irreducible human being & environment as pan-dimensional energy fields

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32
Q

johnson

A

chin’s theory of behavioural systems

  • Maintaining stability & balance through adjustments and adaptations to the forces that impinge on them
  • systems theory
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33
Q

orem

A

philosophy of human capacity

  • Maintaining capacity for self care
  • nursing role temporary
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34
Q

Neuman

A
  • Open system affected by intrapersonal, interpersonal & extra personal stressors
  • addressing variables affecting the clients response to stressors
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35
Q

UBC

A
  • nurturing the person as a behaviour system during critical periods of the life cycle
  • systems model
  • achieve individuals goals
  • nurse role: foster, protect, sustain & teach & bring systems into balance for stability & optimal health
36
Q

Adam

A
  • Basic human needs with biological, physiological & psychosocialcultural dimension
  • nursing as a helping process of restoring independence to satisfy basic human needs
  • empathy, caring & mutual respect
37
Q

Parse

A

*Invisabile human being & environment co-create health, structured around abiding themes of meaning, rhythmicity & transcendence

38
Q

McGill

A
  • Practice observations
  • Focus on health rather than illness, family as context
  • focus on promoting health & changes in lifestyle
39
Q

watson

A
  • Phenomenal field/ unitary consciousness

* Nursing as caring, clinical caring processes

40
Q

what are the early models mostly good for

A

shape the role & context of nursing during those specific time frames

41
Q

What is a needs based theory

A
  • patient represents a collection of needs
  • needs, drives & competencies were through to hold potential for explaining human behaviour
  • maslows heirarchy of needs
  • complex human behaviour is explained as a response to the competing demand of various basic needs
42
Q

What is an interactionist theory

A
  • focus on relationship between nurses & their clients

- defined communicative & behavioural patterns by which practitioners meet patient needs

43
Q

Peplau

A
  • interpersonal relationship between nurse & pt.
  • promot independent living
  • a nurse is an investigator, prober, interpreter & reporter of rich data
  • insight into a patients beavhour
  • preventing illness & maintaining health
44
Q

what is a systems theory

A
  • accounted for whole entity (system) & it’s component parts (subsystems) & interactions between the parts & expand nursing theory by both structure & process
  • system in constant interaction with environment
  • nurses become a force acting on the system
  • helped nurses recognize the intervention in any one part of a system would have effects elsewhere
45
Q

sister callista roy

A
  • systems theory
  • adaptive sytem
  • interconnectedness
  • nurseL manager the stimuli that influence the adaptation
46
Q

What is a simultaneity theory

A
  • unitary human behaviour

- individual as irreducible whole, inherently & biologically connected with the environment

47
Q

parse

A

individual is a unitary being who is indivisible, unpredictable & ever changing
“human becoming theory”
goal of nursing: people in a continuous process of making choices and changing health priorities. Engage with ppl in their process of becoming

48
Q

what is the goal of theoretical knowledge

A

stimulate thinking & create broad understanding of the science & practice of nursing discipline

49
Q

what are the 3 levels of theoretical abstraction:

A

knowing the case, knowing the patient, knowing the person

50
Q

what is praxis

A

dialogue representing the dynamic interaction between theorizing & clinical practice

  • seeks to create a coherent foundation upon which nurses can build, challenge & integrate an infinite range of new ideas
  • blends are & science
51
Q

more about using theories in modern day

A

not used to as prescriptive models of practice, they provide a way of conceptualizing a nurses interest & identifying researchable problems

52
Q

Paradigm:

A

Can be a useful basis for understanding nursing knowledge
-globalm general framework made up of assumptions about aspects of the discipline held by members to be essential in the development of the practice

53
Q

Most abstract level of nursing knowledge

A

metaparadigm

54
Q

what is philosophy

A

comprises statements of enduring values & believes held by members of the discipline

  • adresses major concepts, sets forth believes
  • practical guides for examining issues & clarifying priorities
55
Q

conceptual models

A

reflect set of values & beliefs

  • less abstract than metaparagims but more abstract than theories
  • guidance but not distinct direction
56
Q

nursing theories

A

less abstract than conceptual models or systems

57
Q

what is the expression of human imagination

A

dependent on imagination and questioning nurses practice & creativity to bring new ideas to practice remaining dynamic & usefulness

58
Q

what is domain

A

the theoretical & practice boundaries of the discipline

-inclue phenomena of interest, problems to be addressed & main content& methods used & roles required

59
Q

Conceptual structures

A

delineates the proper concerns of nursing, guides what is to be studies & clarifies accepted ways of knowing & using corners of nursing. Guides what is to be studied & clarifies accepted ways of knowing & use content of the discipline
(relates concepts within nursing theories, helps us know what is & isn’t nursing)

60
Q

what is personal knowing

A

striving to know the self & actualize authentic relationships
-client not object

61
Q

what is empirical knowing

A

science side of nursing

62
Q

what is ethical knowing

A

moral component guiding choices

63
Q

what is aesthetic knowing

A

art of nursing

-experiences

64
Q

When can knowledge dissemination take place

A

@ end of project or throughout
-End = publication or presentation, face to face meetings
or can be woven into the research process

65
Q

what is knowledge diffusion

A
  • passive, unplanned, uncontrolled dissemination, primarily horizontal (peers)
  • may need to seek out info
66
Q

what is knowledge dissemination

A

-active processes to communicate results to potential users by targeting, tailoring & packaging messages to an audience. Lunkage & exchange events to share relevant research. Using a knowledge broker. Media engagement, user networks

67
Q

What is a knowledge broker

A
  • intermediary who can facilitate collaboration between researchers & knowledge users, find evidence to shape decisions, asses, interpret & adapt evidence to context & identify emerging issues
  • marketting and communication of knowledge & skills & the capacity to span boundaries
68
Q

what is a network

A

connect researchers & knowledge users

69
Q

what is “the push”

A

producers of knowledge plan & implement approach to disseminate knowledge toward those who they think need it

70
Q

what is “the pull”

A

knowledge users plan & implement strategies to pull knowledge from sources

71
Q

what is the exchange

A

the efforts to bring the researchers & users together

back & forth, collaborative research, consulting research. Process focused & not product focused

72
Q

what is knowledge exchange

A

integrated knowledge translation, researcher & user collaboration . Requires engagement & is more time consuming

73
Q

what makes integrated KT work well?

A

helps to develope a shared perspective, common language & common understanding about health & health problems.
mutually agreed upon plan
worth while

74
Q

What is knowledge synthesis

A

summarize all pertinent studies on a specific question, can improve understanding of inconsistencies in diverse evidence & identify gaps in research to determine agenda. Must be reproducible & transparent methods

75
Q

what is knowledge traslation

A

term for all activies involved in moving research from the lab, journal or conference into the people & organizations who can put it to use. Dynamic & interactive. Synthesis, dissemination, exchange & application. Improve & strengthen health system.

76
Q

what are the barriers to evidence use

A
  • culture that doesn’t support evidence informed care
  • high staff turn over
  • limited abilities within the staff to appraise literature
  • lack of resources to create action based upon evidence
77
Q

facilitators to evidence use

A

Librarians, financial resource allocation, educational opportunities, culture, hire a nurse knowledge broker

78
Q

what can nurses do to support evidence

A
  • policies
  • allocation of resources
  • encourage a culture that values evidence
  • hire a formalized knowledge broker
79
Q

Attributes of a nurse knowledge broker

A
  • Education (grad level)
  • clincial experience (5+yr)
  • networking skills
  • experise with implementation
  • capacity development (staff develope new skill)
  • fit with organization
  • accountability
  • protected time
  • mentorship
  • organizational culture
  • physical resources
  • formalized networking opportunities
80
Q

Individual, organization & environmental facilitators influencing guideline implementation

A
  • group interaction
  • positive staff attitudes & beliefs
  • leadership support
  • champions -lead implementation process
  • inter-organization collaboration & networking
81
Q

Individual & organization barriers to guideline implementation

A
  • negative staff attitude & beliefs
  • limited integration of guideline recommendations into organizational structures & processes
  • organization system level change (change or nurse role or renovations)
82
Q

Facilitators & barriers regarding evidence

A
  • accessibility
  • level of understanding
  • ease of implementation
  • belivability
  • compatability with what is already done
83
Q

target audience related factors of facilitators & barrier

A
  • attitudes & beliefs toward research use in practice
  • level of knowledge
  • time to read & implement guidelines
  • buy-in ( a belief that guideline will make a difference)
  • exchange of information process (opportunities)
  • cohesiveness of a team
84
Q

resource related facilitators & barrier

A
  • human resources (adequate staff levels)
  • financial resources
  • time as a resource
  • physical resources - computers, equipment
  • space: physical facility
85
Q

Organization-related factors

A
  • leadership
  • scope of practice
  • existing policy & procedure
  • change agents/opinion leaders
  • workload
  • concurrent projects
  • priorities
  • organization approval process

N111 (4 decks)

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