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Human Development > Quiz 4 Heart And Respiratory > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Heart And Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The foramen primum is in septum ______ while foramen secundum is in septum ________

A

Septum primum. Both foramens form in the same septum

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2
Q

Septum primum grows from the roof of the atrium toward the

A

Endocardial cushions

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3
Q

Septum primum partially divides

A

The common atrium into left and right

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4
Q

Foramen secundum forms to ensure

A

Oxygenated blood can continue moving from right to left atrium

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5
Q

What vein carries O2 and nutrition from placenta to fetus prenatal and postnatal becomes ligamentum teres?

A

Umbilical vein

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6
Q

What vein splits blood flow prenatally, so that 1/2 bypasses liver to enter IVC and 1/2 flows through liver sinusoids and enters IVC via hepatic veins and postnatally closes and becomes ligamentum venosum

A

Ductus venosus

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7
Q

When the umbilical cord is clamped, what happens to the umbilical arteries?

A

They constrict

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8
Q

Where are obliterated umbilical arteries located in adults?

A

Medial umbilical folds / ligaments

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9
Q

Angioblastic cords develop from

A

Cardiogenic mesoderm

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10
Q

Angioblastic cords are canalized to form

A

Small endocardial tubes

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11
Q

Paired longitudinal endocardial tubes fuse to form

A

Primordial heart tube

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12
Q

Fusion of the heart fold is driven by the

A

Head fold

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13
Q

Mesenchyme cells in the extraembryonic mesoderm differentiate into

A

Angioblasts

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14
Q

Angioblasts cluster to form

A

Blood islands

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15
Q

Blood islands are formed by angioblasts in what mesoderm?

A

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

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16
Q

Blood cells develop from

A

Endothelial cells in vessel adjacent to umbilical vesicle

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17
Q

The sinuatrial node forms in the wall of

A

Sinus venosus

right wall of sinus venarum

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18
Q

Whatkind of mesoderm gives rise to the cardiomyocytes and conducting system?

A

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm in the head region (head mesoderm)

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19
Q

Location of atrioventricular node cushions formations

A

Base of interatrial septum and superior to endocardial cushions

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20
Q

AV bundles (of His) travesl

A

Interatrial septum to interventricular septum

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21
Q

What is the correct way of the heart to loop

A

Loop to right, bulge to left

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22
Q

After heart looping, the atrium and sinus venosus end up in this direction

A

Dorsal

Cranial

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23
Q

After heart looping, bulbus and ventricle end up in this direction

A

Ventral

Caudal

24
Q

Hepatic segment of IVC is derived from

A

Part of right vitelline vein

25
Q

The prerenal segment of IVC is derived from

A

Right subcardinal vein

26
Q

Renal segment of IVC is derived from

A

Subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis

Left and right

27
Q

Postrenal segment IVC is derived from

A

Right supracardinal vein

28
Q

The only segment of the IVC that comes from the left is the

A

Renal segment (subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis)

29
Q

Aorticopulmonary septum formation is when what arteries do a twist

A

Bulbar and Truncal ridges

30
Q

How does Bulbar and Truncal ridges do aorticopulmonary septum formation?

A
  1. Drop into heart
  2. 180˚ spiral
  3. Fuse and form aorticopulmonary septum
31
Q

Fate of endocardial cushions

A

AV valves + contribute to the formation of membranous interventricular septum

32
Q

Thick primordial myocardium is derived from

A

Splanchnic mesoderm around pericardial cavity

33
Q

Fate of splanchnic mesoderm (S.M.)

A
  1. Primordial myocardium (heart muscle)
  2. Blood islands form in EXTRAembryonic SM
  3. Cardiomyocytes and conducting system form from INTRAembryonic SM
  4. Visceral pleura around the primary bronchial buds
34
Q

Pleuropericardial folds form on

A

Lateral wall of pleural cavity SUPERIOR TO bronchial buds

35
Q

Pleuropericardial folds fuse medially with _______ to separate pericardial and pleural cavities (to make mediastinum) while pleuroperitoneal folds fuse transversely with _______ to separate pleural and peritoneal cavities (to make thoracic diaphragm).

A

Septum transversum

36
Q

pleuropericardial folds contribute to formation of

A

Mediastinum

Parietal pleura, somatic mesoderm

37
Q

Pleuroperitoneal folds form on

A

Lateral wall of pleural cavity INFERIOR to bronchial buds

38
Q

Pleuroperitoneal folds form

A

Primordial thoracic diaphragm

Parietal pleura, somatic mesoderm

39
Q

Secondary buds develop and become secondary bronchi. On the right side the upper secondary bud supplies the upper lobe while the lower secondary bud supplies

A

Middle and lower lobes

40
Q

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi form to supply

A

Bronchopulmonary segments

41
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments have how many on the right and left

A

R - 10

L 8-9

42
Q

Thoracic diaphragm initially forms where?

A

Opposite the cervical somites

Myoblasts from the somites migrate into diaphragm

43
Q

Myoblasts from somites migrate into diaphragm and are innervated by

A

Cervical somites

“3, 4, 5 keeps diaphragm alive”

44
Q

Fluid is removed from lungs at birth in 3 ways

A
  1. Squeezed out in the vag

Absorbed into pulmonary

  1. vasculature
  2. lymphatics
45
Q

Initial breathing due to:

A

Less O2, more CO2 in delivery

Cutaneous stimulation

Cold air stimulation

Strong contraction of thoracic diaphragm

46
Q

Rate of newborn breathing is

A

40 breaths/min

47
Q

T/F. Pseudoglandular stage of lung maturation is stage one, and there is alveoli.

A

False

48
Q

Stage two of lung development is

A

Canalicular stage

49
Q

What happens in canalicular stage?

A

Vascularized lung tissue

Viability is minimal

50
Q

Terminal sac stage of lung maturation is when respiration is

A

Possible, viability is more likely

51
Q

Alveolar stage of lung development is when interalveolar capillaries bulge into

A

Alveolar lumen

52
Q

Mature alveoli develop when?

A

After birth

53
Q

Common cardinal veins do what?

A

Provide venous return from embryo

54
Q

Vitelline veins do what

A

Provide venous return from yolk sac

55
Q

Umbilical veins do what

A

Provide venous return from placenta

Human Development (10 decks)

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