Quiz 4/27 Flashcards
What are the 5 changes in chromatin that can give rise to molecular change?
Forming heterochromatin
- modification of histone protein
- binding of chromatin binding proteins
- Chromatin remodeling
- DNA methylation
- Binding of non-coding RNA
What are the three structural characteristics of heterochromatin?
- compact and stable nucleosomes
- formation of loop domains
- binding of nuclear lamina
To form a compact and stable nucleosomes, which protein is needed between two adjacent nucleosomes?
heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)
For the formation of loop domains to form, what is needed to bind to DNA to help compact DNA to form a loop?
Name 3
- cohesin
- condensin
- CTCF
binds to DNA to help on compacting DNA and formation of a loop
On the nuclear lamina, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has regions that bind to nuclear lamina called ‘_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .’
heterochromatin, lamina-associated domains (LADs)
Which protein binds to both nuclear lamina and HP1
Under the binding of nuclear lamina
PRR14
Lamina-associated domains (LADs) are found where?
consitutive and faculative heterochromatin
How many LADs are in each chromosome?
about 10
How many nucleosomes are in each LAD?
2500
LADs have what type of binding site?
CTCF-binding site
LADs have a high number of _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _
H3K9me3 and H3K27me3
For heterochromatin to bind to the nuclear lamina, what three characteristics are used?
- Lamina-associated domain (LAD binding sites
- PRR14 protein that bind to nuclear lamina and HP1
- LADs
What are the three stages in heterchromatin formation?
- Nucleation
- Spreading
- Barriers
In the process of heterochromatin formation, nucleation is initiated by what two things?
- Binding of sequence-specific DNA-binding protein or non-coding RNA to nucleation site
- Recruitment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histon methyltransferase (HMT)
The recruitment of HDAC and HMT causes hypoacetylation and hypermethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 proteins
