Quiz 4 (2) Flashcards
Why is motion important?
- important for survival
- helps establish figure from ground
Autokinetic effect
in completely dark room, single dot will appear to move
Motion aftereffects
after staring at movement in one direction, stationary object will appear to move in opposite direction
Apparent motion
we perceive motion in a sequence of static images
induced motion
when the background moves in one direction we perceive motion of the object in the other direction
5 conditions for seeing motion
autokinetic effect, motion aftereffects, apparent motion, induced motion, real motion
moon illusion
moon appears larger on the horizon than when its high in the sky
emmert’s law
demonstrates size-distance scaling
size of the retinal image is fixed. perceived size of the afterimage changes with distance
we perceive _____ from _____
structure, motion
kinetic depth effect
3D structure of a stimulus is perceived from a moving 2D image
representational momentum
perception of continued motion in still pictures
surface segregation
uses motion to allow us to separate a figure from its background
dynamic occlusion
as things move, they cover part of their background and uncover other parts
point light walker displays - biological motion
movement creates perceptual grouping > perceive a biological figure from the relationships of moving points
the middle temporal area in the dorsal stream
identified in monkeys as an area that held neurons sensitive to processing direction of motion
neurons in MT
as dots coherence increases: MT neurons fire more rapidly and monkey judges direction of movement more accurately
mirror neurons are found in the _______
premotor cortex
when do mirror neurons respond?
both when a monkey makes a grasp or watches another make a grasp
when do audiovisual mirror neurons respond?
when monkey performs action and hears sound associated with action
why might mirror neurons be useful?
to understand other actions and imitate actions
ecological approach to perception
no elaborate computations needed by the visual system
the environment is rich with information
what is low vision?
loss of acuity and contrast sensitivity
what is visual accessibility?
the use of vision to travel efficiently and safely through an environment
the visual accessibility problem
it can be hard to predict the appearance of real world objects
spatial learning with low vision
common for those with low vision to avoid new places, fear of getting lost
if we can better understand spatial learning with low vision, we can increase independence
mobility monitoring
when guided, error decreased, even when degraded vision >
the optic array
the structure of the light in the environment is presented to the observer
invariant information
information that remains constant even when the observer moves
global optic flow
the movement of objects and surfaces in a scene relative to the observer
affordances
opportunities for action provided by the environment
embodied perception
how we use actions and our bodies to inform our space perception and spatial cognition
