Quiz #4 Flashcards
What is the visceral pericardium? What tissue is it made of?
Outer layer of the heart
simple squamous epithelium
What is parietal pericardium? What tissue is it made of?
Pericardial sac around heart
simple squamous + loose C.T.
What is pericardial space?
It contains pericardial fluid
What is epicardium?
The outermost layer of the heart
What is myocardium?
Wall of the heart, cardiac muscle
What is endocardium?
lines the chamber of the heart
How are atria shaped? Where are they located? What divides them?
Thin walled, irregular shaped
Cranial and dorsal
Interatrial space
How are ventricles shaped? What divides them?
Angled and thick walled
Interventricular space
What are the two atrioventricular valves (AV)? Where are they located? What do they do?
- Right, tricuspid
- Left, mitral
Separate ventricles from atriums
What are the two semilunar valves? Where are they located? What do they do?
- Aortic, between left ventricle and aorta
- Pulmonary, between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Prevent backflow of blood
What type of circulatory system do mammals have?
dual
What is the pulmonary circuit? Where is it located?
Moves blood from heart to lungs (deoxygenated) and back to the heart (oxygenated) On the right side of the heart
What is the systemic circuit? Where is it located?
Oxygenated blood flows from heart to body and back with deoxygenated blood. On the left side of the heart
What are the 5 steps of the pulmonary circuit?
- deoxygenated blood from body enters right atrium
- goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
- goes through the pulmonary semilunar valve into pulmonary artery
- from the pulmonary artery it travels to smaller arteries and to smaller arterioles to capillaries of alveoli of lungs
- then travels through venules to veins to larger veins to pulmonary vein and into left atrium
What are the 5 steps of the systemic circuit?
- pulmonary vein to left atrium
- through mitral valve to left ventricle
- through aortic semilunar valve to aorta
- branches to large arteries, to smaller arteries, to smaller arterioles, to capillaries
- venules to veins to larger veins to cranial and caudal vena cavae to right atrium
What causes the increase in RMP?
Leaky Na+ channels
What triggers rapid depolarization in cardiac cells?
Entrance of Na+ through Na+ channels
What happens during the plateau phase?
Ca++ enters cell
What causes repolarization of cell?
Exit of K+
