Quiz 4 Flashcards
Class:
Generic: Amoxicillin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Penicillins
Generic: Amoxicillin
Action: Broad spectrum; Destroys cell wall (inhibits transpeptidase)
Uses: ear and throat conditions
Precautions: Renal dysfunction, Penicillin allergy (mold sensitivity)
Adverse Effects:
- Hypersensitivity (Type 1): Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, edema
- Anaphylaxis antidote: Epinephrine
Class:
Generic: Cephalexin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Cephalosporin
Generic: Cephalexin
Action: Broad spectrum; Weakens cell wall
Uses: for people allergic to penicillin, respiratory, ear, UTI, skin
infections
Precautions: Penicillin allergies, chance of cross-sensitivity
Adverse Effects:
- Interferes with vitamin K → bleeding
- Can penetrate into CSF
Class:
Generic: Vancomycin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Monobactam
Generic: Vancomycin
Action: Narrow spectrum; Destroys cell wall (binds to synthesis molecules)
Uses: reserved for serious infections (MRSA, ECRA, Suprainfections like C. diff)
Precautions: Monitor drug levels
Adverse Effects:
- Ototoxicity (temporary hearing loss)
- Redman’s Syndrome: Rash, itching, hives, low BP (from rapid infusion)
Class:
Generic: Erythromycin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Macrolide
Generic: Erythromycin
Action: Inhibits protein synthesis (block ribosome)
Uses: Alternative for Penicillin & Cephalosporin
- Pneumonia (Legionnaire’s disease/ Whooping cough)
Precautions: Q-T Prolongation → Torsades de Pointes (lethal arrhythmia)
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity
Class:
Generic: Gentamicin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Aminoglycoside
Generic: Gentamicin
Action: Premature protein synthesis termination → Bacteria can’t make functional proteins
Uses: Serious infections (given IV)
Precautions:
- Renal dysfunction
- 8th cranial nerve dysfunction (vestibulocochlear)
Adverse Effects:
- Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
- Can cause movement disorders
Class:
Generic: Sulfamethoxazole
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Sulfonamide
Generic: Sulfamethoxazole
Action: Broad-spectrum; Inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Uses:
- Chlamydia
- UTIs
- Prophylaxis for pneumonia
Precautions: Pregnancy category C
Adverse Effects:
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) (internal hives in vessels)
- Sulfonamide allergy may increase risk (rare)
Class:
Generic: Ciprofloxacin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Quinolone
Generic: Ciprofloxacin
Action: Broad-spectrum; Inhibit DNA replication
Uses: urinary tract, respiratory, GI infections, bone and joint
Precautions:
- CNS effects
- Pregnancy category C
Adverse Effects:
- Achilles tendon rupture
- Mineral interaction – Decreases absorption of both the drug & minerals (Al, Mg, Fe, Zn)
Class:
Generic: Isoniazid
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Antituberculosis
Generic: Isoniazid
Action: Bactericidal and bacteriostatic – stops replication; “resting” phase
Uses: Active tuberculosis
Precautions:
- Liver or renal dysfunction
- Pregnancy category C
Adverse Effects:
- Hepatotoxicity
- Peripheral neuropathy (Vitamin B6 depletion)
- Inhibits metabolism of Theophylline, Warfarin
Class:
Generic: Itraconazole
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse effects:
Class: Azole
Generic: Itraconazole
Action: Fungicidal – Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (blocks fungal CYP450)
Uses: Systemic and superficial mycoses
Precautions:
- IV and PO
- Gastric pH must be high for PO absorption
Adverse Effects:
- Liver injury: can indirectly affect cholesterol metabolism
Class:
Generic: Amphotericin B
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Polyene
Generic: Amphotericin B
Action: Fungicidal, Fungistatic
Uses: Systemic mycoses
Precautions:
- IV ONLY (toxic agent!)
- prolonged treatment (>6 weeks)
Adverse Effects:
- Fever (“shake and bake”)
- Nephrotoxicity in all patients (flush with 1L Normal Saline)
Class:
Generic: Acyclovir
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Routes:
Class: Antiviral
Generic: Acyclovir
Action: Inhibits viral replication of DNA
Uses:
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Precautions:
- HSV resistance in immunocompromised
- Renal failure
Adverse Effects: Precipitate in renal tubules → Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
Routes: IV, Oral, Topical
Class:
Generic: Zidovudine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Generic: Zidovudine
Action: Suppresses viral DNA synthesis; Inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme in HIV replication
Uses:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Penetrates CNS well
Precautions: Monotherapy leads to resistance
Adverse Effects: Bone marrow suppression: severe anemia, lower WBCs, fewer platelets
Class:
Generic: Indinavir
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Protease Inhibitor
Generic: Indinavir
Action: Stops HIV protease enzyme before exiting the CD4 cell in HIV
Uses: Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)
Precautions: Monotherapy not recommended; use with AZT or another drug to avoid resistance
Adverse Effects:
- Inducer: garlic and St. John’s Wort (can clear the drug too quickly)
Class:
Generic: Cyclosporine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Immunosuppressant
Generic: Cyclosporine
Action: Acts on Helper T-cells
Uses:
- Autoimmune diseases
- prevents organ rejection during transplants
Precautions: Pregnancy category C
Adverse Effects:
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
Class:
Generic: Ibuprofen
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse effects:
Class: NSAID (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug)
Generic: Ibuprofen
Action: Inhibits cyclooxygenase
Uses:
- Analgesic (pain relief)
- Antipyretic (fever reduction)
- Anti-inflammatory
- Dysmenorrhea (period pains)
Precautions: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (hives in blood vessels)
Adverse effects:
- GI Distress/bleeding
- Renal impairment
- Tinnitus, HA, dizziness
