Quiz #3 Flashcards
Class:
Generic: Digoxin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Normal Range:
Antidote:
Class: Inotropic
Generic: Digoxin
Action: ↑ myocardial contractility
Uses: A-fib, A-flutter, CHF
Precautions: Hypokalemia (toxicity risk)
Adverse Effects: GI distress, anorexia, narrow therapeutic index
Normal Range: 1-2
Antidote: Digoxin immune FAB
Class:
Generic: Heparin
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Antidote:
Class: Anticoagulant
Generic: Heparin
Action: Inactivates Thrombin and Factor Xa
Uses: DVT, CVA
Precautions: Only IV/Sub-Q, use IV during emergencies
Antidote: Protamine sulfate
Class:
Generic: Warfarin (-arin)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Antidote:
Class: Anticoagulant
Generic: Warfarin (-arin)
Action: Inhibits VII, IX, and prothrombin
Uses: A-fib, valve replacement, DVT/PE prophylaxis (long-term)
Precautions: Bleeding, Vitamin K deficiency, severe HTN, pregnancy category X
Adverse Effects: Hemorrhage, hypersensitivity (allergy), red-orange urine
Antidote: Vitamin K
Class:
Generic: Alteplase (-plase)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Thrombolytic
Generic: Alteplase (-plase)
Action: Plasminogen → plasmin (removes clot)
Uses: Ischemic stroke
Precautions: Given within 4.5 hours
Adverse Effects: Bleeding, Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH), Hypotension
Class:
Generic: Albuterol (-erol)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Beta2-Selective Adrenergic Agonist
Generic: Albuterol (-erol)
Action: Fast onset (<5 mins), sympathomimetic agent, relaxes smooth muscle → bronchodilation
Uses: Acute bronchospasm, asthma, exercise-induced asthma
Precautions: Sensitivity to sympathomimetics
Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, convulsions
Class:
Generic: Theophylline (-ine)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Methylxanthine
Generic: Theophylline (-ine)
Action: Bronchodilation
Uses: Maintenance of chronic asthma
Precautions: Toxicity >30 mcg/ml (DON’T MEMORIZE)
Adverse Effects: Dysrhythmias, tachycardia, cardiorespiratory collapse
Class:
Generic: Budesonide (-one/-ide)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Corticosteroid
Generic: Budesonide (-one/-ide)
Action: Anti-inflammatory, decreases bronchial hyperreactivity and mucus production
Uses: Chronic asthma (fixed schedule)
Precautions: NOT for acute asthma attacks
Adverse Effects: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (rinse after use), slow growth in children
Class:
Generic: Montelukast
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Leukotriene Antagonist
Generic: Montelukast
Action: Tablet for asthmatic-related allergies
Uses: Chronic asthma treatment,** night-time relief (fixed schedule)**
Precautions: Well tolerated (not heavily covered)
Adverse Effects: Not emphasized
Class:
Generic: Omalizumab (-mab)
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Class: Immunomodulator
Generic: Omalizumab (-mab)
Action: Monoclonal antibody, inhibits IgE binding to mast/basophil receptors
Uses: Significant allergic asthma (>12 y/o), SubQ every couple of weeks
Precautions: Anaphylaxis (not covered in detail), no known drug interactions
Class:
Generic: Diphenhydramine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: H1 Antagonist
Generic: Diphenhydramine
Action: Blocks histamine receptor sites
Uses: Allergic reactions
Precautions: Not for acute asthmatic episodes
Adverse Effects: Sedation
Class:
Generic: Oxymetazoline
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Decongestant
Generic: Oxymetazoline
Action: Decongestant, shrinks swollen nasal membranes
Uses: Reduces nasal congestion, relieves stuffiness
Precautions: Abuse potential, CNS excitation
Adverse Effects: Rebound congestion, increased HR & BP
Class:
Generic: Sucralfate
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Mucosal Protectant
Generic: Sucralfate
Action: Coats stomach with a sticky gel, protects against acid and pepsin
Uses: Acute ulcers
Precautions: Not absorbed systemically, administer 30 minutes or 1 hour apart from other drugs
Adverse Effects: Not specified
Class:
Generic: Cimetidine
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist
Generic: Cimetidine
Action: Prevents gastrin secretion
Uses: GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (hypersecreting gastric acid)
Precautions: Use cautiously in elderly patients
Adverse Effects: CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations), especially in elderly patients
Class:
Generic: Omeprazole
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Generic: Omeprazole
Action: Prodrug; irreversible inhibition of the enzyme (H+, K+-ATPase) that generates gastric acid
Uses: Short-term ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Precautions: Do not crush/chew, take 1 hour before meals
Adverse Effects: Complete inhibition of gastric acid production; takes 2-3 weeks for the body to generate new proton pumps
Class:
Generic: Psyllium
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Bulk-Forming Laxative
Generic: Psyllium
Action: Forms a viscous solution, softens fecal mass, and increases bulk
Uses: Constipation
Precautions: Bowel obstruction, acute abdominal pain, rectal bleeding
Adverse Effects: Must be taken with a full glass of water to prevent obstruction
Class:
Generic: Docusate Sodium
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Surfactant Laxative
Generic: Docusate Sodium
Action: Lowers surface tension of stool, making it slippery
Uses: Opioid-induced constipation
Precautions: Bowel obstruction, acute abdominal pain, rectal bleeding
Adverse Effects: Must be taken with a full glass of water
Class:
Generic: Senna
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Stimulant Laxative
Generic: Senna
Action: Increases water/electrolytes in the intestinal lumen, producing semifluid stool in 6-12 hours
Uses: Opioid-induced constipation, diagnostic testing
Precautions: Can lead to laxative dependency if overused
Adverse Effects: Colon spasticity, long-term use can make it difficult to have a BM without it
Class:
Generic: Loperamide
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Opioid
Generic: Loperamide
Action: Direct effect on the intestinal wall to slow motility
Uses: Diarrhea
Precautions: Liver/renal failure
Adverse Effects: Drowsiness, constipation, potential for abuse
Class:
Generic: Alosetron
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Serotonin Antagonist
Generic: Alosetron
Action: Blocks serotonin receptors in the gut
Uses: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in women
Precautions: Avoid in patients with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis (autoimmune diseases)
Adverse Effects: Rare but serious ischemic colitis (can be fatal)
Class:
Generic: Ondansetron
Action:
Uses:
Precautions:
Adverse Effects:
Class: Serotonin Receptor Antagonist
Generic: Ondansetron
Action: Blocks serotonin receptors in the vomiting center
Uses: Acute emesis, post-chemotherapy, postoperative nausea/vomiting
Precautions: More effective when combined with glucocorticoids
Adverse Effects: Well tolerated; may cause headache and diarrhea
