Quiz 4 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the developmental approach?
helps distinguish between normal, delayed, or pathological deficits
What are the critiques of the developmental approach?
development is more flexible - it can depend on norms, culture + societal experiences
What are splinter skills?
individual may not meet appropriate skill level but contain random advanced skill
What is the focus of the developmental framework?
guide for measuring illness effects + setting goals
What is function vs. dysfunction in the developmental approach?
function = reaching appropriate milestones
dysfunction = lack of adaptive skills necessary for effective + satisfying interaction w/ environment
How is change and motivation measured in the developmental approach?
motivation = nature desire to master age-appropriate skills
OTs can change physical + emotional environment and occupation-based activities
What is group intervention in the developmental approach?
organized according to development level, not age (lower vs. higher)
What is the role of the leader in the developmental approach?
directive - minimal choices and guidance provided
What are the characteristics of activities in the developmental approach?
- address issues or appropriate skills
- client input in activity
- explain stage of development
What happens during the activity in developmental approach?
stages of development, client choice, consider life transitions
What is the environment in the developmental approach?
supportive, safe, just right challenge, possible homework
What happens during sharing and processing in the developmental approach?
self expression, feedback, sharing past experiences
What happens during generalizing and application in the developmental approach?
predictable, focus on application
What is the behavioral cognitive approach?
cognitive FOR -> learning theory + behaviorism
behavioral concepts -> conditioning, modeling, reinforcement
What is the purpose of the behavioral cognitive approach?
behavioral -> learning or changing performance patterns
cognitive behavioral -> facilitate self control + management, learning theories to support performance skills
What are behavioral goals and objectives?
observable, measurable + collaborative
What is classical conditioning?
Pavlov dog experiment - learned behavior
What is operant conditioning?
Skinner - reinforced behavior becomes repeated, discouraged behavior becomes extinct
How are habits developed?
operant conditioning - rewarded behaviors until reward is not needed, predictable responses that free up energy for challenges
What is shaping and chaining?
reinforce each step of a sequence until entire task is learned
chaining - learn in specific order so each action serves as stimulus to provoke next action
What are the kinds of reinforcement?
positive - something is provided
negative - something is removed
external - desirable to individual
internal - self produced
What are the levels of reinforcers?
initial - physical (ex. candy)
symbolic - anger
social contract - role dependent (ex. marriage)
personal satisfaction
What is rehearse, practice, and role playing?
rehearse variety of contexts + practice skills over range of possible applications; role playing provide practice + rehearsal
What are the goals of role playing?
develop insight + empathy, anticipate consequences, decrease anxiety
What are the 4 parts of role play?
define problem, assume roles, enactment, discussion
What is biofeedback?
monitoring bodily functions w/ stress management techniques
What is systematic desensitization?
visualizing + guided fantasy - successful for phobias but not addiction
What is function vs. dysfunction in the behavioral cognitive approach?
function = info processed correctly + generalized, think logically to form accurate perceptions
dysfunction = inaccurate self-perception + faulty thinking
What is change and motivation in the behavioral cognitive approach?
motivation = reinforcement
change thinking
What is group intervention in the behavioral cognitive approach?
very goal directed, homogenous, teach skill, practice, receive feedback
What is a cognitive rehab group?
addresses deficit areas (attention, neglect, visual, EF, motor, etc.)
What is a psychoeducational group?
skill training w/ OT role as educator (independent living, personal care, money management, coping, impulse control, etc.)
What is a dialectical behavior therapy group?
psychosocial skill training (emotion regulation, mindfulness, etc.)
What is core mindfulness?
teaches mind to focus, pay attention, refrain from emotional response and making quick judgements, etc.
strategies = writing
What is interpersonal effectiveness?
goal is to keep good relationships (negotiating, expression, reciprocation, etc.)
What is emotional regulation?
building positive experiences
What is distress tolerance?
techniques for critical survival (self-soothing, distraction, etc.)
What is the role of the leader in a cognitive behavioral group?
directive + active (assisting, providing cues, chooses activity)
What are the goals of a cognitive behavioral group?
observable + measurable, limited choices, meaningful tasks
ex. journaling, visualizing, role playing
What is the process of a cognitive behavioral group?
intro - no warm up, expectations, define problem, goal set
activity - short instructions/lecture, opportunity for practice
sharing - share item made, feedback, discussion
processing - between leader + individual
generalizing - principles learned
application - community level, everyday life
What are the 3 sub-systems in MOHO?
volition, habituation, performance capacity
What are the influences of environment in MOHO?
opportunities, resources, demands, constraints
What is an example of a MOHO group intervention?
exploratory exercise group
What is function vs. dysfunction in MOHO?
function = participation in occupation
dysfunction = occupational adaptation is threatened
What is change and motivation?
restructure routines, reestablish occupational adaptation, motivation
What is the group structure and limitations for MOHO?
disregard diagnosis + focus on client roles
What is the role of the OT in MOHO?
advisor + collaborator, provide support to elicit adaption, facilitate
What is the goal of a MOHO group?
facilitate occupational adaptation
What is the main focus of EHP?
context - personal, cultural, temporal, virtual
What are the constructs of EHP?
person, task, context, performance
What are the 5 basic assumptions of EHP?
- understand background
- environment is a major factor
- promotes self determination
- occupational performance is ongoing
- independence occurs when needs are satisfied
What is function vs. dysfunction in EHP?
function = range of tasks
dysfunction = mismatch person, contexts and tasks
What is change and motivation in EHP?
motivation = interest in doing tasks
change = address personal attributes, context and environment for each task
What is group intervention in EHP?
client-centered eval to determine preferences + priorities
What is the role of the leader in EHP?
varies (directive, facilitative, advisory)
What is occupational adaptation?
holistic, client-focused, therapeutic use of self
What are the 3 basic assumptions of OA?
- people have internal desire for mastery
- environments + context influence occupational performance
- demand for mastery over environment
What is function vs dysfunction in OA?
function = adaptation to internal + external demands
dysfunction = ability to adapt has been challenged
What is change and motivation in OA?
motivation - desire, press, and demand of mastery (efficiency, effectiveness + satisfaction for self and others)
What is group intervention in OA?
contains roles
What is the role of the leader in OA?
facilitator - concrete end product, feedback, just right challenge, desired roles
What are the groups goals of OA?
improve adaptiveness (readiness + engagement in occupations)
What are the basic assumptions of the PEOP model?
person, environment, occupation, occupational performance
What is function vs. dysfunction in PEOP?
function = perform social roles + meaningful occupations
dysfunction = deficits in abilities + environmental barriers
What is change and motivation in PEOP?
intrinsic need for involvement, expression, skill development + enjoyment (self efficacy, client-centered, choice making)
What are some PEOP group interventions?
occupational focus, client-centered, evidence-based, cultural sensitivity, etc.
What is the group focus in PEOP?
occupational performance:
- maintain health + fitness
- maintain cognition
- increase motivation
What is the group structure in PEOP?
common roles + meaningful activities
What is the role of the OT in PEOP?
facilitate problem-solving, organize tasks
What is the Kawa model?
people inseparable from collective social groups; occupations inseparable from natural + spiritual context
What are the basic assumptions of the Kawa model?
- occupation inseparable from nature
- individual’s occupational abilities become responsibility of group
- perceptions + opinions heard w/i group accepted or rejected
What are the elements of the Kawa model?
water = life
rocks = problems
driftwood = personal assets
riverbed = environment
spaces = OT intervention
What is function vs. dysfunction in the Kawa model?
function = finding ways to yield nature + find ways to live in harmony
What is change and motivation in the Kawa model?
motivation - need to be accepted + belong
method for change - occupations
What is group intervention in the Kawa model?
drawing river + elements
What is the group structure in the Kawa model?
based on commonality
What is the role of the leader in the Kawa model?
directive, educator, facilitate
What are the group goals in the Kawa model?
social skills, communication, learn about resources
What are the group leadership guidelines for occupation based models?
intro - greeting, purpose, optional warm up
activity - meaningful, role focused
generalizing + application - how activity relates to roles of members
summary - review purpose, goals, focus on achievements
