quiz 4 Flashcards
Factors Considered When Predicting Lung Volumes:
Gender: Males typically have larger lung volumes than females.
Age:
In children: Lung volumes increase as they grow.
In adults: Lung volumes decrease with age due to natural lung tissue changes.
Height: Taller individuals tend to have larger lung volumes.
Ethnicity: There are known differences in lung volume norms across ethnic groups (e.g., some ethnicities may have smaller or larger predicted volumes).
Factors That Can Impact Absolute Lung Volumes (How to Make Them Larger):
Aerobic Conditioning: Athletes tend to have larger lung volumes due to enhanced lung capacity from sustained physical activity.
Profession: Individuals like singers, wind instrument players, and those whose professions require high breath control typically have increased lung volumes.
Lung Limiting Factors: Conditions like rib cage limitations or diseases can restrict lung expansion and reduce absolute lung volumes.
How to Obtain a Valid Measure of Lung Volume Subdivisions:
Use a spirometer or a pneumotachograph for accurate measurement.
Perform a vital capacity maneuver: Inhale as deeply as possible and exhale as quickly and fully as possible.
Ensure that Resting Expiratory Level (REL) is stable since many measures (e.g., inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume) depend on REL as a reference point.
- Implication of VC Less Than 80% of Predicted:
If a person’s Vital Capacity (VC) is less than 80% of the predicted value, it may suggest a possible respiratory issue such as:
Something going on
Respiratory muscle weakness
Something pulmonologist needs to investigate
Maybe person needs respiratory therapist
Vital Capacity
Maximal amount of air that can be exchanges
Peak inspiration to peak expiration
Tidal Volume
Amount of air exchanges in a single respiratory cycle
Everyone is breathing in bigger when they are working out
Quiet breathing - also called rest breathing
Not a reference point for REL
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Volume of air that can be inhaled beyond the end of inspiration point of tidal breathing
Air that can be inhaled beyond the respiratory needs of rest breathing
Breathing for speech occurs here
Breathing for speech is typically thought of twice tidal inspiration – this would be in the range of inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory Capacity
Volume of air that can be inhaled from resting expiratory level
Sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
IC = TV + IRV
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Volume of air that can be exhaled from resting expiratory level
End of quiet expiration all the way down to maximum expiration
Residual volume
Air that cannot be exhaled even with maximal expiration
Due to the link between the rubcage and lungs – pleural linkage
Lungs don’t collapse
Residual volume is measured with invasive techniques which measure how much oxygen is in the arterial blood
Total Lung Volume (TLV) - Vital Capacity (VC) = Residual Volume (RV):
Total lung volume represents the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. Subtracting the air that can be voluntarily exchanged (VC) leaves the air that remains trapped in the lungs (RV).
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) = Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
IC represents the total amount of air a person can inhale from the resting expiratory level.
Draw graph
How did you do
Vital Capacity (VC) = Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
VC is the total amount of air that can be exchanged in the lungs, from maximal inhalation to maximal exhalation.
