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speech Science > Class one > Flashcards

Class one Flashcards

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1
Q

Instrumentation- What is it?

A

Equipment or software that allows a clinician or researcher to acquire and analyze physiological or acoustic data objectively.

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2
Q

What is the primary advantage of instrumentation?

A

It is subjective. It can give us good reasonably objective pre and post therapy data.

Example: It gives us numbers and looks good in a report. You can measure how much a voice quality is not normal and then after therapy you can send it to an ENT and say look at how much is normal now.

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of instrumentation?

A

It is expensive to buy initially.

It is time consuming.

It is challenging with voice analysis because there is not a great relationship between the numbers we get when we analyze voice and what we actually hear.

Example: a breathy client might not show up in the instrumentation but at that point I would trust my ears.

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4
Q

Best use of the instrumentation?

A

Firstly, you go with your perceptual judgement and hopefully the instrumentation backs you up.

Example: You can say I perceive pitch to be between normal limits and fundamental frequency is measured by the visi pitch was 200 hz which is within normal limits for a female speaker.

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5
Q

Physiological systems

A

Respiratory
Laryngeal
Velopharyngeal
articulatory

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the Respiratory system?

A

Provides air pressure for speech

Ventilation for life

Involved in blood gas exchange

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7
Q

What does the Laryngeal system do for us in speech production?

A

The laryngeal system is responsible for voicing.

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8
Q

What does the Velopharyngeal system do for us in speech production?

A

Controls airflow between the nasal and oral cavities during speech.

Active and functional anytime we are NOT producing nasal sounds.

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9
Q

What does the articulatory system do for us in speech production?

A

The main production area to make specific sounds.

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

Driving force for voicing

Ventilation for life

Velopharyngeal closure

Blood gas exchange

A

Velopharyngeal closure

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a muscle?
Diaphragm

Internal intercostals

External intercostals

Lungs

Vocal folds

A

Lungs

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the velo-pharyngeal system?
Soft palate

Levator veli palitini (muscle that elevates the soft palate)

Lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls

Nasal cavity

A

Nasal Cavity

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13
Q

What is the function of the VP system?
Voicing

Open for non-nasals, closed for nasals

Open for nasals, closed for non-nasals

A

Open for nasals, closed for non-nasals

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14
Q

What is the best description of the articulatory system?
Makes speech intelligible

Adds prosodic variability

Provides the source for speech production

Useful in speaker recognition

A

Makes speech intelligible

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15
Q

Which physiological systems are active during /p/ production?
All

Respiratory, laryngeal, vp

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

Respiratory and vp

A

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

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16
Q

Which physiological systems are active during /m/ production?
All

Respiratory, laryngeal, articulatory

Respiratory, laryngeal, vp

Respiratory and vp

A

Respiratory, laryngeal, articulatory

17
Q

Which physiological systems are active during “sh” production?
All

Respiratory, laryngeal, vp

Respiratory and vp

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

A

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

18
Q

Which physiological systems are active during /h/ production?
All

Respiratory and vp

Respiratory, laryngeal, vp

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

A

Respiratory and vp

19
Q

Which physiological systems are active during /z/ production?
All

Respiratory and vp

Respiratory, laryngeal, vp

Respiratory, vp, articulatory

A

All

20
Q

Trachea

A

Composed of hyalin cartilage and its function is to conduct air and is also the structure with the largest diameter.

21
Q

Bronchi

A

Composed of hyaline cartilage and smooth muscle. Its function is to conduct air and undergo constriction and dilation are also the next biggest tubes after the trachea.

22
Q

Bronchioles

A

First region lacking cartilage plates but still contains smooth muscle. Its function is to conduct air, produce secretions and participate in gas exchange.

23
Q

Alveoli

A

composed of reticular tiny collagen fibrils and elastic fibers. its function is its main site for gas exchange and surfactant production.

Structure: surrounded by capillaries with very thin walls to facilitate rapid gas exchange

24
Q

What happens in an asthma attack?

A

The smooth muscle becomes inflamed and decreases the size of the airway which makes it hard to breathe. The constriction narrows the airway which creates an increase of resistance that makes it much harder for air to go through.

In a healthy bronchial tube, we have smooth muscle that is wide open.

25
Q

Bronchial Tube

A

compliant tubes lined by respiratory mucosa

Contain variable amounts of muscle and/or cartilage in their wall

conduct air and clear and filter foreign particles

approximately 10,000 liters of inspired air per day.

26
Q

Purpose of successive bifurcations

A

As the bronchial tree progresses and goes and spreads into the lungs… it keeps on branching

Branches keep getting shorter and shorter

Trachea can be really long – not creating a lot of resistant

Bronchi are narrow

Bronchial are narrower

Narrow tubes with more resistance

Skinny tubes – short

Wide tubes – long

Keeps narrow tubes short

Total cross sectional area of passages is increased

All designed for easy, efficient breathing

Short summary: bifurcations: branching of bronchi into narrower tubes. Its purpose is to increase cross sectional area for efficient airflow

27
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Right mainstem bronchus is straighter than left- more susceptible to aspiration as a result. That is where air and liquid will go.

Right side is most likely to experience aspiration pneumonia than left side

Left mainstem bronchus: more angled to accommodate the heart

28
Q

Tracheal rings

A

Tracheal rings – C shaped – open in back

Trachealis muscle separates it from esophagus

29
Q

How can food block airway?

A

Trachea can be blocked by large item passing through esophagus

30
Q

Thorax

A

Contains viral organs including the heart, major blood vessels, and the lungs

31
Q

Lungs

A

Essential organs for gas exchange, located in the thoracic cavity. Supports the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

32
Q

Initial Bifurcation:

A

The division of the trachea into the right and left bronchi occurs at the sternal angle.

speech Science (2 decks)

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