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Psych > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Social comparison theory Festinger

A

We evaluate our abilities and beliefs by
comparing them with those of others
* E.g., siblings

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2
Q

Upward social comparison

A

Superior others ex: athletes

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3
Q

Downward social comparison

A

Inferior others ex: exam grade

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4
Q

Attribution

A

cause for behavior

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5
Q

Internal

A

Dispositional attributions

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6
Q

External

A

Situational attributions

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7
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error
(FAE)

A

attribute our own behavior to contextual factors (self-serving bias) ex: everyone is dumb but ME

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8
Q

Conformity social influence

A

Peer/group influence, no pressure to change behavior

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9
Q

Obedience social influence

A

leader/authority influence, change behavior due to pressure

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10
Q

Milgram study

A

63% of participants gave xxx shock

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11
Q

Higher Psychological distance b/w teacher &
experimenter

A

Less obedience

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12
Q

Psychological distance between teacher and
learner

A

More obedience

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13
Q

Higher moral stage

A

less obedience

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14
Q

Greater authoritarianism

A

greater obedience

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15
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

If nobody else is reacting, it must not be an issue

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16
Q

Bystander effect

A

See someone in need of help but think others will do it

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17
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Recognize emergency, but feel someone else will take care
of it

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18
Q

Enlightenment effect

A

Exposure to research can change real-world behavior

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19
Q

Social loafing

A

People’s tendency to slack off in groups

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20
Q

Prosocial

A

Helping others

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21
Q

Altruism

A

Helping if for an unselfish reason

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22
Q

Belief

A

Conclusion regarding factual evidence
* E.g., death penalty effectively deters people from committing
murder versus does not

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23
Q

Attitude

A

Belief with an emotional component
* E.g., death penalty is morally wrong and thus should not be legal
(versus should be)

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24
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

An unpleasant state of tension
resulting from holding two
conflicting thoughts or beliefs.
Ex) Helping someone in need

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25
Q

Threat to self-concept

A

Only certain conflicts between attitudes cause cognitive
dissonance.
* Inconsistency challenges self-concept

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26
Q

Self-perception theory

A

We acquire our attitudes by observing our behavior

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27
Q

Impression management theory

A

We don’t really change our attitudes in cognitive dissonance
studies. We only tell experimenters that we have.
* We do so because we don’t want to appear inconsistent

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28
Q

Central route

A

Focuses on informational content of the message ex; what a person says

29
Q

Peripheral route

A

focuses on its surface aspects of the message or source ex: what the person looks like

30
Q

Foot in the door

A

Start with a small request and move on to a larger one

31
Q

Door in face

A

Start big then backs off

32
Q

Low ball technique

A

Start with a low price, then “add-on” all desirable options

33
Q

Stereotypes

A

Assumptions about a person

34
Q

Prejudice

A

Holding negative views toward some group, negative attitudes

35
Q

In-group bias

A

Favor people inside our group over people outside

36
Q

Out-group homogeneity

A

Tendency to view all people outside our group as highly similar ex: all other football fans are dumb cus the gators are the best

37
Q

Discrimination

A

Negative behaviors

38
Q

Explicit prejudice

A

Unfounded neg beliefs that we’re aware of

39
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

Unfounded neg beliefs that we’re less aware of

40
Q

Personality

A

Predispositions to think/behave certain ways
Traits
◦ Dimensions of personality
◦ Ex: agreeableness, extraversion

41
Q

Nomothetic

A

Broad study of personality across all
people

42
Q

Idiographic

A

Studying a specific individual’s personality

43
Q

Causes of personality

A

Genetic factors, shared environmental, nonshared environmental factors

44
Q

Psychic determinism

A

Cause & effect: nothing is spontaneous/random

45
Q

Symbolic meaning

A

Derive deeper meaning from “surface level” actions

46
Q

Unconscious motivation

A

Inaccessible, unconscious drives and motivations

47
Q

Id

A

basic instincts

48
Q

Ego

A

Principal decision maker

49
Q

Superego

A

Sense of morality

50
Q

Repression

A

motivated forgetting of threatening memories

51
Q

Denial

A

refusal to acknowledge some threatening current state

52
Q

Projection

A

attribution of own negative qualities to others

53
Q

Rationalization -

A

explaining away unreasonable thoughts or feelings

54
Q

Regression –

A

returning to a younger and safer time

55
Q

Reaction-formation –

A

reversing an experience (attraction into hate)

56
Q

Displacement

A

directing a desire from one target to another

57
Q

sublimation –

A

turning something unacceptable into a goal

58
Q

Neo-Freudians

A

Less emphasis on sexuality, more on social drives

59
Q

Conditions of worth

A

We accept ourselves only if we act in certain ways
* Come from others first; then we internalize them

60
Q

Factor analysis

A

Identify primary traits

61
Q

Five traits Ocean

A

O- Openness to Experience
◦

62
Q

Five traits C

A

Conscientiousness
◦

63
Q

Five traits E

A

Extraversion
◦

64
Q

Five traits A

A

Agreeableness
◦

65
Q

Five traits N

A

Neuroticism

66
Q

Empirical approach

A

Interest is whether the items distinguished between
groups, not why or how
◦ Low face validity

67
Q

Rational/theoretical approach

A

Begin with clear-cut conceptualization of a trait, then
write items to assess

68
Q

Projective hypothesis

A

When interpreting ambiguous stimuli, people will project
aspects of their personality onto them

69
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

People say what each inkblot means to them

Psych (3 decks)

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