Quiz 4 Flashcards
Observational Studies
1/+ groups of patients and their characteristics are observed
Experimental Studies
some intervention was performed
Case report
describes a newsworthy clinical occurrence ; reported as a clinical narrative
Case Series Study
certain characteristics of a group of patients are described in a published paper; don’t have controls/comparison group
Cross-Sectional Study
ask what is happening; analyze data collected on a group of participants at one time rather than over a period of time
NHANES is an example of this
Experimental studies
clinical trials
experimental drug/procedure, strongest evidence for concluding causation
Case control study
ask what happened; begin with the absence/presence of an outcome and then look backward in time to try to detect possible risk factors
Vaginal Carcinoma is an example
cohort study
ask what will happen; group of people with something in common and who remain part of a group over an extended period
Framingham Study is an example
What are the 4 stages of the natural history of disease?
Stage of Susceptibility
Stage of Subclinical Disease
Stage of Clinical Disease
Stage of Recovery, Disability, or Death
incidence
occurrence of new disease/mortality within a defined period of observation in a specialized population
Prevalence
number of existing cases of a disease/health condition/deaths in a population at some designated time
Which factors cause prevalence to decrease?
Decrease in incidence
shorter duration of disease
in-migration of healthy people
improved cure rate of disease
What is the epidemiologic triangle?
Agent
host
environment
Portals of Exit
respiratory passages
alimentary canal
genitourinary system
skin lesions
Vital Events
deaths, births, marriages, divorces, and fetal deaths
