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23 spring: poultry > quiz 4: > Flashcards

quiz 4: Flashcards

1
Q

2 nutritional diseases in birds that cause lamness

A

Rickets
Osteoporosis

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2
Q

— is a herpes virus that causes lameness

A

marek’s disease

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3
Q

— are retroviruses that cause tumors

A

Lymphoid leukosis (rare in commercial)

Reticuloendotheliosis (rare)

Lymphoproliferative Disease (wild turkeys)

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4
Q

— causes tumors that are similar in appearance to fowl pox

A

Lymphoproliferative Disease
* Retrovirus
* Wild Turkeys

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5
Q

marek’s disease causes — that infiltrate —

A

tumors

nerve trunks and organs with lymphoid cells

herpes virus

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6
Q

what is used as a vaccine for chickens for marek’s disease

A

serotype 3

turkey herpesvirus

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7
Q

marek’s effect what?

A

chickens

used to attack young birds
but now any age

also rare due to vaccinations, can still be seen in backyard birds

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8
Q

symptoms of marek’s disease

A

Nerve form
* Lameness

Visceral tumor form
* Appear thin and depressed
* Enlarged abdomen

Ocular form
* Blindness

Skin form
* Enlargement of feather follicle – no clinical signs

Most common is the nerve form and the visceral form.

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9
Q

what forms of marek’s disease is most common

A

Most common is the nerve form (lameness) and the visceral (tumor) form.

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10
Q

lesions of marek’s disease attack the — nerve

A

sciatic- leads to paralysis or lameness

also causes visceral tumor, infiltration of the iris, enlargement of the feather follicle and atrophy of the bursa

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11
Q
A

marek’s
cause peripheral nerve enlargement

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12
Q
A

grey eye caused by marek’s

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13
Q

how to diagnose marek’s

A

histopath

do not use virus isolation or serology

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14
Q

transmission of marek’s

A

horizontal

all flocks exposed, vaccinate but can over come if high viral load

shed in feather follicle dander and inhaled into respiratory tract

no vertical transmission

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15
Q

when to vaccinate for mareks

A

day 18 of embryo - 1 day hatch

can not vaccinate past 2 days old!

Environmental sanitation must be done in
conjunction with vaccination

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16
Q

what type of vaccinations for mareks

A

HVT (Turkey herpes virus) – serotype 3

Bivalent – HVT + SB1 or 301B (serotype 2)

Bivalent – HVT + CVI988 (serotype 1)

Injection
* in ovo, 18 Days of incubation
* One day of age, subcutaneous injection

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17
Q

mareks vaccines help with

A

preventing tumor

needs to be given in ovo or at day 1 hatch

takes 7-10 days for immunity

herpes can live in environment, clean to reduce problems

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18
Q

— is a neoplastic disease in chickens over 16 weeks old that causes thin birds with decreased egg production

A

lymphoid leukosis

retro virus- spread by vertical and horizontal tranmission

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19
Q

— is a vertically transmitted neoplastic disease that has been eradicated in commercial birds

A

lymphoid leukosis

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20
Q

lesions caused by lymphoid leukosis vs mareks

A

marek- tumors, enlarged nerves and feather follicle, small bursa, grey iris

tumors, large bursa, osteopetrosis- thickening of bones

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21
Q

lesions of lymphoid leukosis

A

tumors

enlarged bursa

Osteopetrosis –
thickening of the bones

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22
Q

how to diagnosis lymphoid leukosis vs mareks

A

histopath- difficult to tell

PCR/immunohistochemistry rare to use unless commerical infection

mos tumors= marek’s

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23
Q

— is a rare tumor disease caused by retrovirus that causes stunting syndrome

A

reticuloendotheliosis

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24
Q

— looks like pox virus

A

lymphoproliferative disease

use histopath to tell

lymph= wild turkey retrovirus

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25
Q

Reovirus infection primarily of meat
type chickens; can occur in turkeys

A

viral arthritis

causes arthritis, tenosynovitis, ruptured
gastrocnemius tendon

can also cause small birds

usually effect meat birds but recently been attacking pullets and layers

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26
Q

viral arthritis causes

A

Arthritis, tenosynovitis, ruptured gastrocnemius tendon

can cause small birds

reovirus that usually infects meat birds

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27
Q

what kind of fluid found in the joints of birds with viral arthritis?

A

Serosanguinous fluid in joints

cause lameness and swelling of tendons

enlarged shanks

ruptured gastrocnemius tendon

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28
Q

transmission of viral arthritis

A

vertical and fecal oral

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29
Q

vaccination for viral arthritis

A

vaccinate breeders

vaccinate chicks if there is known infection

vertical transmission and fecal oral route

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30
Q

bumble foot is also called

A

septic arthritis

31
Q

septic arthritis is caused by

A

primary or secondary infection

E. coli
staph
salmonella
pasteurella
streptococcus

32
Q

— causes purulent material in the joints

— causes serosanguinous fluid in the joints

A

septic arthritis

viral arthritis (reovirus)

33
Q

clinical signs of septic arthritis

A

lame
swelling of tendons
purulent material in the joints

34
Q

what causes bumble foot

A

injury and bacteria gets in

wet/ dirty enclosure

35
Q

treatment of bumble foot/ septic arthritis

A

sanitation
control primary disease/ injury

antibiotics
wrap foot/ keep dry and clean

36
Q

if toes are enlarged and drinking a lot of water then

A

gout

kidney failure- urate deposition, white droppings

37
Q

rickets is caused by

A

not enough calcium, phosphorus or vit D3

can be from malabsorption

attacks young birds (under 3 weeks

high mortality

pliable bones, beaded ribs, increased epiphyseal width

38
Q

lesions of rickets

A

lameness

pliable bones, beaded ribs, increased epiphyseal width

caused by low calcium, phosphorus or vit D3

39
Q

how to diagnosis rickets

A

gross lesions (rubbery bones), histopath, feed analysis

40
Q

treatment of rickets

A

increased Vit D and calcium

treat enteritis

41
Q

osteoporosis is caused by

A

Deficiencies of calcium, phosphorus,
or vitamin D3

effects older birds in production

42
Q

— causes thin bones and fractures and low egg production

A

osteoporosis

low calcium, phosphorus, vit D

43
Q

coccidiasis vs coccisiosis

A

asis- small amount of disease = gives immunity from subclinical infection

osis- large infection causes diarrhea and enteritis

44
Q

A protozoal disease of poultry affecting
the intestinal tract characterized by diarrhea and enteritis.

A

coccidiosis

45
Q

signs of coccidiosis

A

diarrhea, bloody droppings, pale birds,
depression, increased cull rate, increased mortality

46
Q

what kind of coccidiosis infects chicken duodenum

A

eimeria acervulina

47
Q

what type of coccidiosis infects chicken jejunum

A

eimeria maxima
eimeria necatrix

48
Q

what type of coccidiosis infects chicken cecum

A

eimeria tenella

49
Q

eimeria maxima can lead to —

A

secondary necrotic enteritis

coccidiosis causes swelling in the mid intestine

50
Q

diagnosis of coccidiosis

A

fecal float
intestinal scrape

bird will have bloody stool

51
Q

treatment for coccidiosis

A

amprolium/corid
sulfas (not in layer birds)

clean and dry environment

live vaccines- commercial flock
anticoccidials

52
Q

— is a drug to treat coccidiosis that can not be used in layer birds

A

sulfa drugs (albon)

can use corid/amprolium instead

53
Q

— is caused by clostridium perfingens

A

necrotic enteritis

54
Q

— is an acute bacterial enteric disease of chickens and turkeys

A

necrotic enteritis

55
Q

coccidiosis can lead to secondary —

A

necrotic enteritis (clostridium perfringens)

depression and high mortality

56
Q

how to prevent necrotic enteritis

A

coccidiosis control (wet)
clean
salting floors
probiotics

prevent damage to GI by fish meal/wheat or immunosupression

57
Q

— is caused by clostridium colinum in quail

A

ulcerative enteritis

spread in droppings
caused listless and diarrhea
high mortality - 100% in a few days

58
Q

ulcerative enteritis is caused by

A

clostridium colinum

attack quail

59
Q

— has intermediate host in flies, beetles and earthworms

A

tapeworm

60
Q

— carry black head

A

cecal worms

61
Q

treatment for roundworms and cecal worms

A

safe-guard aquasol

approved for layers- no withdrawal

62
Q

black head is carried by — are causes —

A

cecal worms

Histomonas meleagridis

Signs – depression, sulfur colored diarrhea, high mortality

Lesions – classic irregular, round liver lesions, cecal cores

63
Q

— causes irregular round liver lesions and cecal cores with sulfur colored diarrhea

A

black head
histomoniasis

histomonas meleagridis

infect turkeys and peafowl

64
Q

transmission of histomoniasis

A

eat feces

eat cecal worm with the protozoa

eat earth worm with protozoa

65
Q

treatment for histomoniasis

A

metronidazole (flagyl)

can NOT be used for human consumption

66
Q

3 cecal diseases

A

black head- histomoniasis

coccidiosis- eimeria tenella

salmonella- in 2 weeks and younger

67
Q

avian colibacillosis is caused by —

A

e coli

primary or secondary

can be from infection, ammonia, dust, dirty water, dead birds, wounds

68
Q

infectious process is

A

infection secondary to skin scrap

subcutaneous cellulitis

69
Q

birds 2-3 years old, enlarged abdomen, with weight loss

what diseases

A

colibacillosis- saplingitis

marek’s

70
Q

erysipelas is caused by

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

septicemic disease of turkeys, chickens, ducks and geese

high mortality

cause petechial hemorrhage in fat and muscle, swollen liver, pin point foci in liver and large spleen

71
Q

lesions of erysipelas

A

Signs – depression, high mortality

Lesions – petechial hemorrhages in fat or muscle, swollen liver, pinpoint foci in liver, enlarged spleen

72
Q

how to treat erysipelas

A

penicillin (not in layers)

vaccinate

73
Q

how to reduce erysipelas

A

will vaccinate commercial flocks

decrease rodent and swine and bird exposure

zoonotic!

74
Q

what disease is zoonotic

A

erysipelas

cause cellulitis, local or systemic

23 spring: poultry (7 decks)

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