Quiz 4

Question 1

Excitable

Answer 1

Having the ability to react to a stimulus

Question 2

Extensible

Answer 2

Having the ability to stretch

Question 3

Elastic

Answer 3

Having the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched.

Question 4

Epimysium

Answer 4

Fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding an entire muscle

Question 5

Perimysium

Answer 5

Thin connective tissue layer surrounding a fascicle

Question 6

Endomysium

Answer 6

Fine connective tissue layer surrounding a muscle fiber

Question 7

Fascicle

Answer 7

Bundle of muscle fibers

Question 8

Sarcolemma

Answer 8

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 9

Sarcomere

Answer 9

Contractile unit within a muscle fiber

Question 10

Sarcoplasm

Answer 10

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Question 11

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber

Question 12

Myofibril

Answer 12

Small cylindrical organelle within a muscle fiber

Question 13

Myofilament

Answer 13

Thin protein strand found within a muscle cell. Actin or Myosin.

Question 14

Myosin

Answer 14

Large myofilament in a sarcomere

Question 15

Actin

Answer 15

Small myofilament in a sarcomere

Question 16

Z line

Answer 16

Separates sarcomeres, anchors actin

Question 17

M line

Answer 17

Center of sarcomere where myosin attaches

Question 18

A band

Answer 18

Where myosin and actin overlap

Question 19

I band

Answer 19

Area where myosin extends toward Z line

Question 20

Aponeurosis

Answer 20

Cord-like tendon or broad flat sheet where muscles attach to bone

Question 21

Retinaculi

Answer 21

Support straps that hold tendons in place

Question 22

Tenoperiosteal junction

Answer 22

Tissue zone where a tendon transitions into the periosteum

Question 23

Musculotendinous junction

Answer 23

Tissue zone where muscle transitions into tendon

Question 24

Ligament

Answer 24

Connects bone to bone

Question 25

Tendon

Answer 25

Connects muscle to bone

Question 26

Motor unit

Answer 26

Unit of skeletal muscle composed of a single motor neuron plus the multiple fibers it innervates

Question 27

Motor unit recruitment

Answer 27

Increasing the number of motor units stimulated to increase the force of a muscle contraction

Question 28

Motor neuron

Answer 28

Nerve cell that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to muscular or glandular tissue.

Question 29

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 29

Structural interface between a motor neuron and muscle fibers of a motor unit.

Question 30

Neurotransmitter

Answer 30

Chemical released by a neuron that transmits an impulse to another neuron or and effector cell

Question 31

Threshold stimulus

Answer 31

Minimum amount of stimulus required to evoke a response

Question 32

All or none response

Answer 32

Muscle physiology principle which states that says all muscle fibres in a motor unit must contract when a threshold stimulus is applied

Question 33

Hemoglobin

Answer 33

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and gives red blood cells their color.

Question 34

Myoglobin

Answer 34

Oxygen-transporting protein of muscle. Provides an immediate source of oxygen to the cell when needed.

Question 35

Direct phosphorylation

Answer 35

Method of energy production where a phosphate group is broken off creatine phosphate and added to ATP to create ADP

Question 36

Glycosis

Answer 36

Anaerobic metabolic process in which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid to produce ATP

Question 37

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 37

Method of energy production which occurs without oxygen.

Question 38

Aerobic metabolism

Answer 38

Method of energy production which uses oxygen.

Question 39

Isometric contraction

Answer 39

A type of muscle contraction that increases tension but does not create movement

Question 40

Isotonic contraction

Answer 40

A type of muscle contraction that creates movement

Question 41

Concentric contraction

Answer 41

Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens. Insertion moves closer to origin.

Question 42

Eccentric contraction

Answer 42

Isotonic muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens. Insertion moves away from origin.

Question 43

Muscle cramp

Answer 43

Acute involuntary muscle contraction that can last several minutes.

Question 44

Muscle spasm

Answer 44

Involuntary muscle contraction sustained over hours, days, weeks, or months.

Question 45

Tetanic contraction

Answer 45

Non-productive contraction in which muscle is bombarded with contant stimuli causing a sustained contraction of multiple fibers that effectively locks the muscle.

Question 46

Parallel muscle

Answer 46

Muscle whose fibres are the same length and in parallel arrangement. Wide ROM

Question 47

Pennate muscle

Answer 47

Muscle with shorter fibers that run in an oblique line to attach to a central tendon. Small ROM

Question 48

Agonist

Answer 48

Muscle that generates most of the power for motion

Question 49

Antagonist

Answer 49

Muscle that opposes the movement of agonist

Question 50

Synergist

Answer 50

Muscle that assists the agonist to create movement.

Question 51

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 51

Reflex mechanism which coordinates the effort between the agonist and antagonist

Question 52

Range of motion (ROM)

Answer 52

The degrees of movement of a synovial joint

Question 53

Tendinitis

Answer 53

Acute injuries with inflammation, edema, and pain

Question 54

Tendinosis

Answer 54

Overuse, chronic strain, microtearing

Question 55

Tenosynovitis

Answer 55

Inflammation of tendons with synovial sheath

Question 56

Hypertrophy

Answer 56

Increasing muscle in size and bulk

Question 57

Atrophy

Answer 57

Decrease muscle in size and bulk

Question 58

Hypertonic

Answer 58

Exhibiting excessive muscle tension