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A&P 1 > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Excitable

A

Having the ability to react to a stimulus

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2
Q

Extensible

A

Having the ability to stretch

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3
Q

Elastic

A

Having the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched.

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4
Q

Epimysium

A

Fibrous connective tissue layer surrounding an entire muscle

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5
Q

Perimysium

A

Thin connective tissue layer surrounding a fascicle

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6
Q

Endomysium

A

Fine connective tissue layer surrounding a muscle fiber

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7
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundle of muscle fibers

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8
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

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9
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit within a muscle fiber

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10
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

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11
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber

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12
Q

Myofibril

A

Small cylindrical organelle within a muscle fiber

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13
Q

Myofilament

A

Thin protein strand found within a muscle cell. Actin or Myosin.

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14
Q

Myosin

A

Large myofilament in a sarcomere

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15
Q

Actin

A

Small myofilament in a sarcomere

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16
Q

Z line

A

Separates sarcomeres, anchors actin

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17
Q

M line

A

Center of sarcomere where myosin attaches

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18
Q

A band

A

Where myosin and actin overlap

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19
Q

I band

A

Area where myosin extends toward Z line

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20
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Cord-like tendon or broad flat sheet where muscles attach to bone

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21
Q

Retinaculi

A

Support straps that hold tendons in place

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22
Q

Tenoperiosteal junction

A

Tissue zone where a tendon transitions into the periosteum

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23
Q

Musculotendinous junction

A

Tissue zone where muscle transitions into tendon

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24
Q

Ligament

A

Connects bone to bone

25
Q

Tendon

A

Connects muscle to bone

26
Q

Motor unit

A

Unit of skeletal muscle composed of a single motor neuron plus the multiple fibers it innervates

27
Q

Motor unit recruitment

A

Increasing the number of motor units stimulated to increase the force of a muscle contraction

28
Q

Motor neuron

A

Nerve cell that transmits impulses from the central nervous system to muscular or glandular tissue.

29
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

Structural interface between a motor neuron and muscle fibers of a motor unit.

30
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released by a neuron that transmits an impulse to another neuron or and effector cell

31
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

Minimum amount of stimulus required to evoke a response

32
Q

All or none response

A

Muscle physiology principle which states that says all muscle fibres in a motor unit must contract when a threshold stimulus is applied

33
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and gives red blood cells their color.

34
Q

Myoglobin

A

Oxygen-transporting protein of muscle. Provides an immediate source of oxygen to the cell when needed.

35
Q

Direct phosphorylation

A

Method of energy production where a phosphate group is broken off creatine phosphate and added to ATP to create ADP

36
Q

Glycosis

A

Anaerobic metabolic process in which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid to produce ATP

37
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

Method of energy production which occurs without oxygen.

38
Q

Aerobic metabolism

A

Method of energy production which uses oxygen.

39
Q

Isometric contraction

A

A type of muscle contraction that increases tension but does not create movement

40
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

A type of muscle contraction that creates movement

41
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens. Insertion moves closer to origin.

42
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Isotonic muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens. Insertion moves away from origin.

43
Q

Muscle cramp

A

Acute involuntary muscle contraction that can last several minutes.

44
Q

Muscle spasm

A

Involuntary muscle contraction sustained over hours, days, weeks, or months.

45
Q

Tetanic contraction

A

Non-productive contraction in which muscle is bombarded with contant stimuli causing a sustained contraction of multiple fibers that effectively locks the muscle.

46
Q

Parallel muscle

A

Muscle whose fibres are the same length and in parallel arrangement. Wide ROM

47
Q

Pennate muscle

A

Muscle with shorter fibers that run in an oblique line to attach to a central tendon. Small ROM

48
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle that generates most of the power for motion

49
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the movement of agonist

50
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that assists the agonist to create movement.

51
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

Reflex mechanism which coordinates the effort between the agonist and antagonist

52
Q

Range of motion (ROM)

A

The degrees of movement of a synovial joint

53
Q

Tendinitis

A

Acute injuries with inflammation, edema, and pain

54
Q

Tendinosis

A

Overuse, chronic strain, microtearing

55
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of tendons with synovial sheath

56
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increasing muscle in size and bulk

57
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease muscle in size and bulk

58
Q

Hypertonic

A

Exhibiting excessive muscle tension

A&P 1 (2 decks)

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