Quiz 4 Flashcards
The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
Infection
A mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs from tools, implements, and equipment.
Cleaning
Involves the use of a chemical to destroy most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.
Disinfection
What is disinfection not effective against?
Bacterial spores
At minimum, disinfectants used in salons, spas, and barbershops must be:
Bactericidal
Virucidal
Fungicidal
Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics.
Ex: MRSA
Bacteria
A submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism.
Ex: measles, mumps, polio, influenza, HIV, HPV
Virus
Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts.
Ex: ringworm, tinea barbae, tinea capitis
Fungi
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism.
Ex: ticks, lice, fleas, mites
Parasites
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.
Ex: dental plaque, algae colonies on ponds, slime in drains
Biofilms
The process that destroys all microbial life including spores; typically requires the use of an autoclave.
Sterilization
Trichology
The scientific study of hair and its diseases.
The _____ contains the hair follicle and its appendages.
pilosebaceous unit
Lined with epidermal tissue. These epidermal cells produce the follicle and hair matrix.
Follicular canal
Anchors hair to the skin cells and is part of the hair located at the bottom of the follicle below the surface of the skin.
Hair root
A thick, club-shaped structure made from epithelial cells that surround the papilla. This forms the lower part, or base, of the hair follicle. This is where hair grows from cell division.
Hair bulb
A cone-shaped elevation of connective tissue that contains the capillaries and nerves located at the base of the follicle that fits into the bulb. Necessary for hair growth and nourishment of the follicle.
Hair papilla
The part of the hair located above the surface of the skin.
Hair shaft
Secretes the waxy substance called sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair.
Sebaceous gland
Contracts when affected by cold or other stimuli. It pulls on the follicle and forces the hair to stand erect, causing goosebumps.
Arrector pili muscle
Soft, downy hair found on a fetus. This hair sheds after birth and is replaced with either vellus or terminal hair.
Type of hair: Lanugo
Hair found in areas that are not covered by the larger coarse terminal hairs. Usually grows on a woman’s cheeks (peach fuzz).
Type of hair: Vellus
The longer, coarse hair found on the head, brows, lashes, genitals, arms, and legs.
Type of hair: Terminal
The growth stage during which new hair is produced. The length of this phase determines the length of the hair. This stage is the most important for estheticians in effective hair removal, as removing hairs during this stage will be more effective for long-term hair reduction.
Hair Growth Cycle: Anagen Phase (1)
The transition stage of hair growth. This is the shortest part of the hair growth cycle.
Hair Growth Cycle: Catagen Phase (2)
The final, or resting, stage of hair growth. The hair is at its full size and length and is erect in the follicle, ready to shed.
Hair Growth Cycle: Telogen Phase (3)
The process of removing hair at or near the level of the skin. Both shaving and chemical ____ are included in this category.
Depilation
The process of removing hair from the bottom of the follicle by breaking contact between the bulb and the papilla. Tweezing, waxing, sugaring, and threading are all examples of this.
Epilation
Treatment Objectives: Couperose
- Calm and vaso-constrict
- Hydrate
- Normalize pH
- Protect
- Educate
Treatment Objectives: Sensitive
- Calm irritation
- Insulate and protect
- Restore barrier
- Hydrate
- Normalize pH
- Educate
Treatment Objectives: Alipidic
- Insulate and protect
- Restore barrier
- Increase peripheral circulation and metabolism
- Hydrate
- Normalize pH
- Educate
The function of the ____ is to lubricate the skin and hair and help prevent TEWL.
hydrolipid film
Suderiferous glands that open onto the skin’s surface and are acidic in nature. They are found all over the body and are responsible for the perspiration that cools the body and the acidity, or germicidal effect of the HLF.
Eccrine glands
Suderiferous glands that open into the pilo-sebaceous follicle and are alkaline in nature. They develop during puberty in the axillary and groin regions and are responsible for odors emanating from the body during heavy perspiration.
Apocrine glands
pH refers to ______.
potential hydrogen
The hydrolipid film is also called the ____, and is made up of the secretions from the sebaceous and suderiferous glands, along with moisture from the environment.
acid mantle
The skin’s ability to return to the normal value of approximately pH 5.
buffer capacity
The pH in healthy skin ranges from ____.
4.5 - 5.5
Result from the epidermal cells’ activities during keratinization (intercellular cement). These keratinized cells are water-resistant and are responsible for the barrier function of the skin.
hydrophobic fats
Both sebum and perspiration contain fat and allow solubility with perspiration and environmental humidity. This natural emulsion acts as the ideal surface film, preventing moisture loss from the cutaneous tissue.
hydrophilic fats
Fatty substances in the cutaneous layer (the epidermis) are the primary guards against liquid penetration of the epidermis. This is known as ______.
impermeability
The skin’s ability to incorporate products into itself or even allow them to pass into the body’s interior is known as ______.
permeability
Signifies the swelling of the horny layer cells. This results from the action of certain cosmetic products containing a high proportion of fluids.
Ex: steam, oil-in-water emulsions
Imbibition of the stratum corneum
Represents the interaction between the cosmetic preparation and the corneocytes. Beauty products containing lipid and protein constituents surround the cellular membrane of the horny layer cells.
Ex: self-tanning lotions
Horny assimilation
Penetration of a substance through the different strata of the skin and ultimately into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Ex: essential oils, hormone patches
Transcutaneous absorption
_______, stimulated by the pituitary gland, is responsible for activating synthesis of melanin in the melanocytes of the epidermis.
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
When exposed to UV light, the skin produces ____ in the germinative, malpighian, and granular layers.
vitamin D
The keratinization cycle takes approximately ____.
28 days
Intercellular lipids, along with overlapping keratinized cells, protect against TEWL and outside invasion. This protection is known as the _______ of the skin.
barrier function
The process of keratinization starts in the _____ layer and ends in the ____ layer.
germinative, horny
Also known as ‘spider veins.’ A condition caused by dilated capillaries which appear as tiny spidery veins visible on the skin’s surface, usually over the nose and cheek area.
Telangiectasis
A chronic state of capillary dilation, resulting in mild or more severe reddening of the skin. Generally seen on cheeks, jaws, or chin.
Hyperemia
A medical condition involving several factors: capillary congestion, skin inflammation, chronic dilation of the capillaries, papule/pustule formation, and dehydration. Occurs mainly in the T-zone and cheek area, causing a butterfly effect on the face.
Rosacea
This type of skin is inherited from birth. It is fine in texture and thin with blood vessels that lie very close to the skin’s surface. This skin is very delicate and reacts not only to external irritants, but also to internal stimulus (stress, illness, or PMS).
Sensitive skin
Results from allergens. May be anywhere on the body. Reaction is usually delayed, more severe, and may take days to go away.
Allergic skin
Factors leading to alipidic skin
Genetics, aging, medication, endocrine imbalance, liver dysfunction, makeup, improper cleansing, harsh products, drying environments.
