A&P Flashcards
The study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of.
Anatomy
The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes.
Physiology
The study of the structure and composition of tissue. Also known as microscopic anatomy.
Histology
The basic unit of all living things.
Cells
The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
Nucleus
A colorless, jellylike substance in which nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.
Protoplasm
Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell.
Mitochondria
The chemical energy used within cells for metabolism is called _____.
ATP
Supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body. Examples include bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia, blood, and fat.
Connective tissue
Protective lining on cavities of the body and surfaces of organs. Examples are skin, mucous membranes, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.
Epithelial tissue
Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.
Muscle tissue
Carries messages through the central nervous system to control and coordinate all bodily functions. Composed of neruons.
Nerve tissue
A collection of tissues that have an identifiable structure and that perform specific functions.
Organs
Bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape.
Occipital bone
The two _____ bones form form the sides and top of the cranium.
Parietal
Bone that forms the forehead.
Frontal bone
The two ____ bones form the sides of the head in the ear region.
Temporal
The light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities.
Ethmoid bone.
Bone that forms the sides of the eye socket.
Sphenoid bone
Two ____ bones form the bridge of the nose.
Nasal
Two ____ bones, the smallest and most fragile bones of the face, are situated at the front inside part of the eye socket.
Lacrimal
Two ____ bones, also known as cheekbones, form the prominence of the cheeks.
Zygomatic
Two _____ bones form the upper jaw.
Maxillae
The ____ forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face.
Mandible
The chest or pulmonary trunk consisting of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; it is an elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs.
Thorax
Also known as shoulder blade; the large, flat triangular bone of the shoulder.
Scapula
The more fixed part of the muscle, closest to the skeleton, which flexes but remains stationary.
Origin
The part of the muscle that is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton.
Insertion
Scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles in the forehead.
Frontalis
Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull.
Epicranius / occipitofrontalis
The muscle that draws the scalp backward.
Occipitalis
The muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi. It draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.
Corrugator
The ring muscle of the eye socket; it closes the eyes.
Orbicularis oculi
Muscles of mastication
Masseter and temporalis
A large, flat, triangular muscle that covers the lower back.
Latissimus dorsi
Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arms.
Pectoralis major and minor
Muscle that covers the back of the neck, shoulders, and upper and middle region of the back; shrugs shoulders and stabilizes the scapula.
Trapezius
Muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; the lift the forearm, flex the elbow, and turn the palms outward.
Biceps
A large, flat, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
Deltoid
Large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.
Triceps
Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles.
Arteries
Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
Arterioles
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venules; they bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
Capillaries
Small vessels that connect the capillaries to the veins. They collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins.
Venules
Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries. They contain cuplike valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent the blood from flowing backward. They carry waste products back to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen.
Veins
A gland located in the abdominal cavity that secretes enzymes necessary for digestion, synthesizes proteins, and detoxifies the blood. It also regulates sugar in the blood, helps with the decomposition of red blood cells, and produces hormones needed for body functions.
Liver
A large lymph node that fights infection and detoxifies the blood.
Spleen
