Quiz Flashcards
How many kcals/g of fat?
9 kcals/g
How many kcals/g of carbohydrates?
4 kcals/g
How many kcals/g of protein?
4 kcals/g
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
catabolism: breakdown of complex into simpler
anabolism: absorbed nutrients to build or synthesize more complex compounds
Factors affecting BMR
sleep, age, gender, pregnancy/lactation, surface area, state of health, body composition and gender, endocrine glands: chemical messengers, temperature, fasting and starvation
Hydrolysis
splitting of a large molecule into smaller water-soluble ones that can be used by cells
Ketosis
accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood (symptom of carbohydrate
What form of carbohydrate is stored in the muscles and liver
glucose ??
What does complex carbohydrates mean?
sugars containing more than 12 carbon atoms
What supports teeth and bone?
.
What do you recommend to someone who is edentulous (protein what kind?)
.
Lipoprotein
compound lipids composed of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol combined with protein; produced by the body
Low body fat vs. high body fat
.
Protein
the cellular balance - large molecular structures (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur and phosphorus)
True or False
Prerequisite for life and health are the 20 amino acids
True
Complete (high Q) vs. incomplete (low Q)
complete: 9 amino acids are provided from a food
incomplete: one or more of indispensable amino acids in a food (can support life but not normal growth)
Nitrogen balance
balance of reactions in which protein substances are broken down and rebuilt
Metabolism
continuous processes whereby living organisms and cells convert nutrients into energy, body structure, and waste
Which vitamin acts like a hormone?
vitamin D
Symptoms of protein deficiency
kwashiorkor, marasmus, sarcopenia, elderly, cost, inability to prepare meals, depression, difficulty chewing
Lipids provide ______
energy, satiety value, palatability
What happens when diet contains too much fat?
obesity, elevated blood lipid levels, cancer
What happens when diet contains inadequate fat?
weight loss, depleting subcutaneous fat stores, poor growth, dermatitis, reduced resistance to infection, poor reproductive capacity
Recommendations for inadequate protein?
protein supplementation (skim milk powder to milk, soups, mashed potatoes), adding cheese to foods,
