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Medical Terminology > Quiz 3 vocab > Flashcards

Quiz 3 vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bone marrow

A

site of blood cell production

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2
Q

bones

A

connect together to form the framework of the body

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3
Q

joints

A

place where two bones meet

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4
Q

ligaments

A

hold joints together and give flexiblity

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5
Q

skeleton

A

the framework of the body

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6
Q

cartilage

A

flexible tissue forms fetal skeleton

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7
Q

ossification

A

gradual process of bone formation

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8
Q

osteoblast

A

immature bone cells

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9
Q

osteocytes

A

matured; strong bone cells

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10
Q

articular cartilage

A

layer that covers epiphysis to prevent bones from rubbing on bones

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

central shaft of bone

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12
Q

epiphysis

A

where the bone widens at the end

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13
Q

red bone marrow

A

makes most blood cells found in parts of all bones in spaces of spongy bone

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14
Q

spongy bone

A

cancellous; found in the bone giving spongelike appearance

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15
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

located in medullary cavity, made of mainly fat cells

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16
Q

head

A

large smooth ball-shaped end on a long bone.

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17
Q

neck

A

narrow area that separates the body or shaft of a bone from the head

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18
Q

condyle

A

smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone

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19
Q

epicondyle

A

projection located above or on a condyle

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20
Q

trochanter

A

large rough process for the attachment of a muscle

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21
Q

tubercle

A

small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

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22
Q

tuberosity

A

a large rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles

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23
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity within a bone

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24
Q

foramen

A

smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels

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25
Q

fossa

A

consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone

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26
Q

fissure

A

slit-type opening

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27
Q

cervical vertebra

A

vertebra in the neck region

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28
Q

thoracic vertebra

A

vertebrae in the chest region with ribs attached

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29
Q

lumbar vertebra

A

vertebrae in the small of the back, about waist level

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30
Q

sacrum

A

5 vertebrae that become fused into one triangular-shaped flat bone at the base of the vertebral column

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31
Q

coccyx

A

3-5 very small vertebrae attached to the sacrum, often become fused

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32
Q

phalanges

A

toe bones; 3 in each toe and 2 in each great toe

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33
Q

carpals

A

bones of wrist

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34
Q

metacarpals

A

bones in palm of hand

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35
Q

phalanges

A

finger bones; three in each finger and two in each thumb

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36
Q

tarsals

A

ankle and heel bones

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37
Q

metatarsals

A

forefoot bones

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38
Q

exostosis

A

a bone spur

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39
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)

40
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

41
Q

orthopedics

A

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgery)

42
Q

orthotic

A

a brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities

43
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial device used as substitute for a body part that is congenitally missing or absent from an accident or disease

44
Q

closed fracture

A

fracture where there is no open skin wound

45
Q

compound fracture

A

fracture where the skin has broken through to the fracture

46
Q

comminuted fracture

A

fracture where the bone is shattered, splintered, crushed

47
Q

compression fracture

A

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body

48
Q

impacted fracture

A

fracture where bone fragments are pushed into each other

49
Q

greenstick fracture

A

fracture with incomplete break

50
Q

oblique fracture

A

fracture at an angle to the bone

51
Q

stress fracture

A

slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces

52
Q

pathological fracture

A

fracture from diseased or weak bone

53
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture where fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone (slower to heal)

54
Q

transverse fracture

A

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

55
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

most common type of bone cancer

56
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of calcium

57
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning and weakening of the bone with resulting fractures

58
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

59
Q

osteoarthritis

A

arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones and joints - especially those bearing weight… results in bone rubbing bone

60
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic arthritis with inflammation of the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities

61
Q

fascia

A

fibrous connective tissue that wraps muscles

62
Q

striated muscle

A

striped skeletal muscles attached to bones and produce voluntary movement

63
Q

tendon

A

strong fibrous connective tissue at each end of a skeletal muscle

64
Q

visceral muscle

A

smooth muscle tissue; found in walls of hollow organs; responsible for involuntary muscle action in internal organs

65
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle that makes up the wall of the heart.

66
Q

biceps

A

muscle in the upper arm that has two heads

67
Q

extensor carpi

A

muscle that produces extension at the wrist

68
Q

rectus abdominis

A

straight (rectus) abdominal muscle

69
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck - responsible to bend neck and tilt head

70
Q

external oblique

A

abdominal muscle whose fibers run at an oblique angle

71
Q

flexor carpi

A

produce flexion at the wrist

72
Q

gluteus maximus

A

large rump area

73
Q

action

A

type of movement a muscle produces

74
Q

insertion

A

the more movable bone considered to be where the muscle ends

75
Q

antagonistic pairs

A

muscles arranged around joints that produce opposite actions

76
Q

origin

A

the less movable of two bones, considered to be the starting point of the muscle

77
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline of the body

78
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline of the body

79
Q

flexion

A

act of bending or being bent

80
Q

extension

A

movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition

81
Q

dorsiflexion

A

backward bending, as of hand or foot

82
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward

83
Q

eversion

A

turning outward

84
Q

inversion

A

turning inward

85
Q

pronation

A

to turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot

86
Q

supination

A

turning the palm or foot upward

87
Q

elevation

A

to raise a body part, as in shrugging the shoulders

88
Q

depression

A

a downward movement, as in dropping shoulders

89
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circular direction from a central point. (drawing a large circle in the air)

90
Q

opposition

A

moving thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers

91
Q

rotation

A

moving around a central axis

92
Q

adhesion

A

scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle

93
Q

atrophy

A

poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use

94
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tenons, or fascia making it difficult to stretch the muscle

95
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in muscle bulk as a result of losing it, as in lifting weights

96
Q

spasm

A

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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