Quiz 2 Vocab Flashcards
Pathogens
Disease causing organisms
Sensory receptors
Located in the skin and detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure
Sweat glands
Assist the body in maintaining internal temperature
Sebaceous glands (oil glands)
Produce an oily substance that lubricates the skin surface
Integument
Skin
Cutaneous membrane
Skin
Epidermis
Thin outer membrane of the skin
dermis
Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer of skin
Subcutaneous layer
Innermost layer of the skin, containing fatty tissue
Stratified squamous epithelium
Type of epithelial tissue that composes the epidermis, and consists of flat scaly cells arranged in overlapping layers (strata)
Strata
Overlapping layers
Basal layer
Deepest layer within the epidermis and where cells grow and multiply
Keratin
A hard protein that fills cells when they shrink and die
Melanocytes
Cells in the basal layer that produce the black pigment melanin
Corium
Dermis; middle layer of the skin
Collagen fibers
Fibers made up of an insoluble fibrous protein present in connective tissues
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer; deepest layer of the skin
Lipocytes
Fat cells that protect deeper tissues and act as insulation for heat and cold
Hair shaft
Grows toward the skin surface within the hair follicle
Arrector pili muscle
Smooth muscle attached to each hair that is responsible for “goosebumps “
Cuticle
Soft tissue that covers and protects the base of the nail
Free edge
Exposed edge that is trimmed when nails get too long
Lunula
Light colored half moon area at the base of the nail
Sebum
Oil that sebaceous glands secrete and lubricates hair and skin
Sudoriferous glands
Sweat glands found throughout the body
Sweat duct
Where sweat travels into at the surface of the skin
Sweat pore
Surface opening of a sweat duct
Perspiration
Sweat; contains small amounts of waste product; colorless and odorless
Apocrine glands
Sweat glands that secrete a thicker sweat and can produce an odor when comes into contact with bacteria on the skin
Abrasion
A scraping away of the skin surface by friction
Contusion
Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising. The skin is not broken
Cyanosis
Bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood
Depigmentation
Loss of normal skin color or pigment
Dermatology
Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the integumentary system
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating
Ecchymosis
Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin (a bruise)
Erythema
Redness or flushing of the skin
Eschar
A thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth over the body
Hyperemia
Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow
Hyperpigmentation
Abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin
Keloid
Formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery
Keratosis
Term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer
Lesion
A general term for a wound, injury, or abnormality
Nevus
Pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole. Usually benign but may become cancerous
Pallor
Abnormal paleness of the skin
Photosensitivity
Condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the UV rays of the sun
Plastic surgery
Surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction, or improvement of body structures such as skin that is damaged, missing, or misshapen.
Pruritus
Severe itching
Purpura
Hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels (commonly seen in elderly people)
Purulent
Containing pus or an infection that is producing pus
Pus
Consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris
Strawberry hemangioma
Congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after birth
Suppurative
Containing or producing pus
Urticaria
Hives; skin eruption it pale reddish wheals with severe itching.
Cyst
Fluid filled sac under the skin
Fissure
Crack-like lesion or groove on the skin
Laceration
A torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut
Macule
Flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface (freckle; birthmark)
Nodule
Firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter
Papule
Small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than 0.5 cm in diameter
Pustule
Raised spot on the skin containing pus
Ulcer
Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
Vesicle
A blister; small, fluid filled raised spot on the skin.
Wheal
Small, round, swollen area on the skin
Superficial first degree burn
Skin reddened
Partial thickened second degree burn
Blisters
Full thickness third degree burn
Charring
Malignant melanoma
Dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs.
Biopsy
A piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope. Used to aid in diagnosis.
Curettage
Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette or scraper
heart
pumps blood through blood vessels
vein
carries blood towards the heart
artery
carries blood away from the heart
capillary
exchange site between blood and tissues
cardiovascular system (circulatory system)
maintains the distribution of blood throughout the body
pulmonary circulation
transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen then back to the heart
systematic circulation
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells then back to the heart
heart
muscular pump made up of cardiac muscle fibers in the mediastinum
apex
tip of the heart at the lower edge
endocardium
inner layer of the heart lining the heart chamber. Smooth thin layer that reduces friction as blood passes through.
myocardium
the thick muscular layer of the heart. Develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.
epicardium
the outer layer of the heart.
pericardium
double layered pleural sac that encloses the heart
visceral pericardium
the inner layer of the pericardium; epicardium
parietal pericardium
outer layer of the pericardium
atria
upper chambers of the heart; where blood collects before returning to the heart
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart; pumping chambers
interatrial septum
wall that separates the chambers into left and right sides
interventricular septum
wall that separates the chambers into left and right sides
valves
act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow
tricuspid valve
an atrioventricular valve with three cusps that controls the opening between the right atrium and left ventricle.
atrioventricular valve
controls the opening between the atrium and ventricle
pulmonary valve
a semilunar valve that prevents blood ejected into pulmonary artery from returning to right ventricle
semilunar valve
valve that looks like a half moon
mitral valve; bicuspid valve
an atrioventricular valve that controls the left ventricle and left atrium.
aortic valve
a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and aorta
Aorta
Largest artery in the body and carries blood to all parts of the body
Diastole
The period of time that a chamber is relaxed
Systole
The contraction phase of a heart chamber
Automatic nervous system
Regulates the heart rate
Sinoatrial node
Pacemaker; where electrical impulses begin
Arterioles
The smallest of the arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
Capillary bed
A network of tiny blood vessels where arterial blood flows and venous blood flows back out
Venules
Where blood first enters after leaving the capillaries
Blood pressure
Measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel
Systolic pressure
The highest blood pressure reading- during ventricular systole
Diastolic pressure
The lowest blood pressure, when ventricular diastole
Austultation
The process of listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope
Cardiology
The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Catheter
Flexible tube inserted in the body to move fluids into or out of the body.
infarct
an area of tissue within an organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply
ischemia
deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction
murmur
an abnormal heart sound
orthostatic hypotension
the sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing up suddenly
palpitations
pounding, racing heartbeats
plaque
a yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery
regurgitation
to flow backward
sphygmomanometer
blood pressure cuff
stent
a stainless steel tube placed in a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen
stethoscope
instrument for listening to body sounds
auscultation
the action of listening to sounds from the body
angina pectoris
condition where there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. caused by an O2 deficiency to heart.
arrhythmia
irregularity in the heartbeat or action.
cardiomyopathy
general term for a disease of the myocardium.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
condition where there is a reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart; the left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to an obstruction of one or more coronary arteries.
endocarditis
inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart
myocariditis
inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall
thrombus
a blood clot forming within a blood vessel
Corium
Dermis
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer
