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Medical Terminology > Quiz 2 Vocab > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease causing organisms

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2
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Located in the skin and detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure

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3
Q

Sweat glands

A

Assist the body in maintaining internal temperature

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4
Q

Sebaceous glands (oil glands)

A

Produce an oily substance that lubricates the skin surface

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5
Q

Integument

A

Skin

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6
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Skin

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7
Q

Epidermis

A

Thin outer membrane of the skin

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8
Q

dermis

A

Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer of skin

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9
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Innermost layer of the skin, containing fatty tissue

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10
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Type of epithelial tissue that composes the epidermis, and consists of flat scaly cells arranged in overlapping layers (strata)

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11
Q

Strata

A

Overlapping layers

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12
Q

Basal layer

A

Deepest layer within the epidermis and where cells grow and multiply

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13
Q

Keratin

A

A hard protein that fills cells when they shrink and die

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells in the basal layer that produce the black pigment melanin

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15
Q

Corium

A

Dermis; middle layer of the skin

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16
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Fibers made up of an insoluble fibrous protein present in connective tissues

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17
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer; deepest layer of the skin

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18
Q

Lipocytes

A

Fat cells that protect deeper tissues and act as insulation for heat and cold

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19
Q

Hair shaft

A

Grows toward the skin surface within the hair follicle

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20
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Smooth muscle attached to each hair that is responsible for “goosebumps “

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21
Q

Cuticle

A

Soft tissue that covers and protects the base of the nail

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22
Q

Free edge

A

Exposed edge that is trimmed when nails get too long

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23
Q

Lunula

A

Light colored half moon area at the base of the nail

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24
Q

Sebum

A

Oil that sebaceous glands secrete and lubricates hair and skin

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25
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A

Sweat glands found throughout the body

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26
Q

Sweat duct

A

Where sweat travels into at the surface of the skin

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27
Q

Sweat pore

A

Surface opening of a sweat duct

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28
Q

Perspiration

A

Sweat; contains small amounts of waste product; colorless and odorless

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29
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Sweat glands that secrete a thicker sweat and can produce an odor when comes into contact with bacteria on the skin

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30
Q

Abrasion

A

A scraping away of the skin surface by friction

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31
Q

Contusion

A

Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising. The skin is not broken

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32
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood

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33
Q

Depigmentation

A

Loss of normal skin color or pigment

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34
Q

Dermatology

A

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the integumentary system

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35
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

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36
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin (a bruise)

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37
Q

Erythema

A

Redness or flushing of the skin

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38
Q

Eschar

A

A thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area

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39
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hair growth over the body

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40
Q

Hyperemia

A

Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow

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41
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin

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42
Q

Keloid

A

Formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic scar after an injury or surgery

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43
Q

Keratosis

A

Term for any skin condition involving an overgrowth and thickening of the epidermis layer

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44
Q

Lesion

A

A general term for a wound, injury, or abnormality

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45
Q

Nevus

A

Pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole. Usually benign but may become cancerous

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46
Q

Pallor

A

Abnormal paleness of the skin

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47
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as the UV rays of the sun

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48
Q

Plastic surgery

A

Surgical specialty involved in repair, reconstruction, or improvement of body structures such as skin that is damaged, missing, or misshapen.

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49
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

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50
Q

Purpura

A

Hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels (commonly seen in elderly people)

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51
Q

Purulent

A

Containing pus or an infection that is producing pus

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52
Q

Pus

A

Consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris

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53
Q

Strawberry hemangioma

A

Congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a few months after birth

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54
Q

Suppurative

A

Containing or producing pus

55
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives; skin eruption it pale reddish wheals with severe itching.

56
Q

Cyst

A

Fluid filled sac under the skin

57
Q

Fissure

A

Crack-like lesion or groove on the skin

58
Q

Laceration

A

A torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut

59
Q

Macule

A

Flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin surface (freckle; birthmark)

60
Q

Nodule

A

Firm, solid mass of cells in the skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter

61
Q

Papule

A

Small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the skin less than 0.5 cm in diameter

62
Q

Pustule

A

Raised spot on the skin containing pus

63
Q

Ulcer

A

Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane

64
Q

Vesicle

A

A blister; small, fluid filled raised spot on the skin.

65
Q

Wheal

A

Small, round, swollen area on the skin

66
Q

Superficial first degree burn

A

Skin reddened

67
Q

Partial thickened second degree burn

A

Blisters

68
Q

Full thickness third degree burn

A

Charring

69
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly metastasize or spread to internal organs.

70
Q

Biopsy

A

A piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope. Used to aid in diagnosis.

71
Q

Curettage

A

Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette or scraper

72
Q

heart

A

pumps blood through blood vessels

73
Q

vein

A

carries blood towards the heart

74
Q

artery

A

carries blood away from the heart

75
Q

capillary

A

exchange site between blood and tissues

76
Q

cardiovascular system (circulatory system)

A

maintains the distribution of blood throughout the body

77
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen then back to the heart

78
Q

systematic circulation

A

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells then back to the heart

79
Q

heart

A

muscular pump made up of cardiac muscle fibers in the mediastinum

80
Q

apex

A

tip of the heart at the lower edge

81
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer of the heart lining the heart chamber. Smooth thin layer that reduces friction as blood passes through.

82
Q

myocardium

A

the thick muscular layer of the heart. Develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

83
Q

epicardium

A

the outer layer of the heart.

84
Q

pericardium

A

double layered pleural sac that encloses the heart

85
Q

visceral pericardium

A

the inner layer of the pericardium; epicardium

86
Q

parietal pericardium

A

outer layer of the pericardium

87
Q

atria

A

upper chambers of the heart; where blood collects before returning to the heart

88
Q

ventricles

A

lower chambers of the heart; pumping chambers

89
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall that separates the chambers into left and right sides

90
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall that separates the chambers into left and right sides

91
Q

valves

A

act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow

92
Q

tricuspid valve

A

an atrioventricular valve with three cusps that controls the opening between the right atrium and left ventricle.

93
Q

atrioventricular valve

A

controls the opening between the atrium and ventricle

94
Q

pulmonary valve

A

a semilunar valve that prevents blood ejected into pulmonary artery from returning to right ventricle

95
Q

semilunar valve

A

valve that looks like a half moon

96
Q

mitral valve; bicuspid valve

A

an atrioventricular valve that controls the left ventricle and left atrium.

97
Q

aortic valve

A

a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and aorta

98
Q
A
99
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body and carries blood to all parts of the body

100
Q

Diastole

A

The period of time that a chamber is relaxed

101
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of a heart chamber

102
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Regulates the heart rate

103
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Pacemaker; where electrical impulses begin

104
Q

Arterioles

A

The smallest of the arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

105
Q

Capillary bed

A

A network of tiny blood vessels where arterial blood flows and venous blood flows back out

106
Q

Venules

A

Where blood first enters after leaving the capillaries

107
Q

Blood pressure

A

Measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel

108
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The highest blood pressure reading- during ventricular systole

109
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The lowest blood pressure, when ventricular diastole

110
Q

Austultation

A

The process of listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope

111
Q

Cardiology

A

The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system.

112
Q

Catheter

A

Flexible tube inserted in the body to move fluids into or out of the body.

113
Q

infarct

A

an area of tissue within an organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply

114
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction

115
Q

murmur

A

an abnormal heart sound

116
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

the sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing up suddenly

117
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heartbeats

118
Q

plaque

A

a yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery

119
Q

regurgitation

A

to flow backward

120
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

121
Q

stent

A

a stainless steel tube placed in a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen

122
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for listening to body sounds

123
Q

auscultation

A

the action of listening to sounds from the body

124
Q

angina pectoris

A

condition where there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. caused by an O2 deficiency to heart.

125
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity in the heartbeat or action.

126
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

general term for a disease of the myocardium.

127
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

condition where there is a reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart; the left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood

128
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to an obstruction of one or more coronary arteries.

129
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart

130
Q

myocariditis

A

inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall

131
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot forming within a blood vessel

132
Q

Corium

A

Dermis

133
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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