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MCB 3010 > quiz 3 stuff > Flashcards

quiz 3 stuff Flashcards

1
Q

PAR complex

A

PAR3, PAR6, aPKC, Cdc42

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2
Q

Crumbs complex

A

CRB, PALS1, PATJ

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3
Q

Scrib complex

A

SCRIB, LGL, DLG

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4
Q

LGL

A

cytoskeletal protein, can bind myosin II

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5
Q

DLG

A

Scaffold protein

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6
Q

ER seperation

A

continuous w/ nuclear membrane, segregates during interphase

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7
Q

Mitochondria seperation

A

evenly distribute during segregation, localizes to cleavage furrow (likely supplies energy)

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8
Q

Golgi

A

-fragments during M phase, move w/spindle poles, reconstruct in telophase
-in cell plates in plants

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9
Q

cellular fusion occurs in

A

muscle cells

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10
Q

steps of cellular fusion

A

embroynic progenitors –> proliferating myoblasts –> differentiating myocytes –> postmitotic myotube (functional unit of skeletal muscle)

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11
Q

decision to divide symmetrically or not is partially decided by

A

RNA localization

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12
Q

asymmetric divison (RNA process)

A

proteins (P bodies) carrying RNA move them to one side of dividing cell –> RNA molecules code for proteins, can carry out different functions compared to other cell

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13
Q

mitosis without cytokines (nuclear division) results in

A

large cell w/ several thousand nuclei

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14
Q

Taxol

A

prevents MT depolymerization, cant break asters

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15
Q

midbody

A

acts as a landmark, gives orientation to create polarized structure

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16
Q

direction of neuronal comunication

A

from dendritic terminal, through soma and out through axonal terminal

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17
Q

axon composition

A

long and thin, uniform width, branches at right angles from cell body

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18
Q

dendrite composition

A

short (get thinner the further from cell body it goes), unergoes y shaped branching

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19
Q

spacing between MT in axon vs dendrites

A

tau in axon forms loops - spacing between MTs is smaller in axon than dendrites

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20
Q

Golgi extends into ______ but not ________

A

dendrites, axon

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21
Q

since there is no golgi in the axon, proteins must be stored/modified (N-glycosylated) in the ________ and transported to the ___________

A

soma, axonal terminal

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22
Q

anterograde transport

A

away from golgi

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23
Q

retrograde transport

A

towards golgi

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24
Q

MTs are oriented relative to

A

golgi

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25
Q

anterograde transport is to which end and transported by which motor protein

A

+ end, kinesin

26
Q

retrograde transport is to which end and transported by which motor protein

A
  • end, dynein
27
Q

nocadazol (NDZ) causes

A

MTs to depolymerize

28
Q

in axon, minus end is oriented towards ________ and plus end is oriented towards _________

A

soma, axon terminus

29
Q

what direction does transport occur in in dendrites

A

both directions, has golgi everywhere

30
Q

Action potential depolarization and repolarization

A

Depol: Na+ channel open, Na+ moves into axon
Repol: K+ channel open, K+ moves out of axon

31
Q

_________ drives plasma membrane protrusion

A

actin polymerization

32
Q

leading edge portrusion results from

A

myosin contraction at the rear, pushes PM forward

33
Q

filopodia

A

common in migrating growth cones of neurons and fibroblasts - 1 dimensional - long bundles of parallel actin

34
Q

lamellipodia

A

common in epi cells, neurons and fibroblasts - 2 dimensional - mesh-like network of branched actin

35
Q

invadopodia

A

3-dimensional actin-rich protrusions that penetrate tissue barriers

36
Q

cell movement begins with

A

lamellipodia

37
Q

do MTS penetrate lamellipodia actin netword

A

no

38
Q

filopodia are thought to act as cellular

A

antennae - probe microenvironment, have receptors to respond to surrounding environment

39
Q

filopodia are also involved in

A

cell-cell adhesions, guiding growing dendrites to chemoattractants

40
Q

growth cone composition

A

lamellipodia w finger like projections (filopodia) coming off of it, MTs hang back while filopodia explores environ.

41
Q

what is critical for wound healing in epi cells

A

lamellipodia

42
Q

cofilin

A

disassembles actin filaments - at rear of lamellipodia

43
Q

ARP 2/3

A

machinery for migration is dependant on this
-facilitates nucleation of new actin polymers at 70 degree angle to the existing actin polymers

44
Q

invadopodia begins with

A

localized loss of actin cortex (relaxation)

45
Q

blebs form when

A

PM detaches from cytoskeleton or underlying actin cortex

46
Q

what allows membrane to protrude (blebbing)

A

contraction of myosin w/o actin cortex

47
Q

what promotes focal adhesion formation

A

actin polymerization force added to myosin contraction

48
Q

what moves cell forward

A

myosin contraction and cell adhesion coupled with de-adhesion at rear

49
Q

premature loss of focal adhesions

A

actin filaments slip back away from leading edge following actin polymerization

50
Q

Cell polarity is caused by

A

Members of the Rho family (Cdc, Rac, Rho)

51
Q

Cdc42 activation on ________

A

inner surface of PM

52
Q

Cdc42 activation triggers

A

-filopodia formation
-actin polymerization and bundling

53
Q

Cdc42 filopodia formation

A

Cdc42 –> WASp –> mDia (profilin) (and ARP2/3 in lamellipodia but mainly profilin) –> filamentous actin

54
Q

Rho myosin contraction

A

Rho –> ROCK –> pMLC –> Myosin II contraction

55
Q

Rac1 lamellipodia formation

A

Rac1 –> WASp –> ARP2/3 –> Actin mesh

56
Q

What happens when Rho dominates

A

Actin-myosin contraction

57
Q

What happens when Rac dominates

A

Polymerization (protrusion)

58
Q

chemotaxis

A

chemotactic signals can promote cell migration toward or away from a signal

59
Q

chemotaxis signal cascade

A

chemoattractant –> GCPR on migrating cell–> PI3K –> RAC –> ARP2/3 –> lamellipodia formation
PI3K rapidly degraded - cannot diffuse far giving directionality to new formed lamellipodia
GCPR –> myosin contraction –>
Rac in lead, Rho in rear gives polarity to signal cascade

60
Q

Neutrophil chemotaxis assay

A

Release of a N-formylated peptides from a pipette
tip promotes lamellipodia formation and the rapid
migration of neutrophils toward the pipette

61
Q

6 general external signals

A
  1. ECM adhesion
    - proteins in matrix growth cone can associate w and grow along
  2. Cell surface adhesion
    - protein present on cell surface represent signals growth cone is attracted to, gives surface where it can migrate
  3. Fasciculation
    -idea that if we already have a path to follow (like one made by another neuron) growth cone can follow it -EG. SPINAL CORD
    4.Chemoattraction
    -area where signal factor is released draws growth cone towards it -EG. NETRIN
    5.Contact inhibition
    -repulsion when growth cone comes into contact w something (like a specific cell type)
    6.Chemorepulsion
    -sigalling factor released that repulses growth cone away

MCB 3010 (20 decks)

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