Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsychology > Quiz #3 studying > Flashcards

Quiz #3 studying Flashcards

1
Q

What did Sir Charles Sherrington discover?

A

He discovered spinal reflexes as the “knee-jerk” reflex were pivotal in understanding neural communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What terms did Sir Charles Sherrington coin and what do those terms do?

A

He coined the term “synapse” and “synaptic transmissions” which control our motor responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the Motor Cortex located?

A

In the posterior part of the frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Motor Cortex do?

A

It is responsible for sending signals for motor movements. Involved in the organization of motor tasks, sequencing of actions, and the timing of movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does the Motor Cortex operate in isolation?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does M 1/ Area 4 do?

A

It is the real executive area. It is responsible for the execution and initiating of voluntary movements. Specific commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does Area 6/Premotor do?

A

It is more focused on the preparation and coordination of actions. This area specifically handles things that require precise actions and timing and adaptability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Pyramidal Neurons?

A

The principal neurons of the motor cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do Pyramidal
Neurons do?

A

The are responsible for sending signals from the cortex to other parts of the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the motor cortex need interneurons for?

A

To make sure movements are precise and coordinated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the different body parts represented in the motor cortex do?

A

They reflect the brain’s precise control over different parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do Basal Ganglia do?

A

It plays a crucial role in initiating and modulating movements and helps in selecting certain motor programs while inhibiting unwanted actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does dysfunction in Basal Ganglia do?

A

It can result in involuntary muscle contractions and rigidity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What else does Basal Ganglia do?

A

It is important in muscle tone by ensuing that our muscles retain a certain level of tension for smooth and coordinated movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does Basal Ganglia interact with decision-making and emotions in our movements?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

It manages the fine motor coordination and motor learning. Plays a key role in muscle memory. Helps refine motor skills over time and maintaining our balance and plays a critical role in timing our movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the Pons connect?

A

It connects the brain and the cerebellum with the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of the Pons?

A

It relays signals including the motor cortex which is key for coordinating voluntary movements. It is also essential in respiration including breathing and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Carl Wernicke discover (besides the obvious)?

A

He discovered crucial insights into the localization of brain functions in general and language processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Carl Wernicke known for?

A

He is known for his work with patients who had certain language deficits, particularily those with sensory aphasia who produced fluent but nonsensical speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Wernicke’s area critical for?

A

Language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Broca’s area associated with?

A

Language production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who discovered Broca’s area?

A

Paul Broca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes Broca’s/non-fluent aphasia?

A

Lesions in the left posterior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In which half of the brain is language housed?
Primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain
26
Where is Broca's area located?
The left parietal lobe
27
What is the Arcuate Fasciculus?
It connects Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area
28
What does the angular gyrus do?
It plays a role in reading and writing processes
29
True or false, the brain’s organization for language can vary across individuals?
True
30
What does the dorsal stream do?
It is a neuron that processes the spatial and phonological aspects of language. Helps us understand the words and structure of sentences.
31
What is crucial in the dorsal stream of language and how is it crucial?
The angular gyrus, particularly in turning written words into spoken forms
32
What is the super marginal gyrus involved in?
It manipulates and recognizes the sounds of language. It is crucial for reading and articulating words correclty.
33
What are the posterior and superior gyrus involved in?
Processing the syntactic and grammatical aspects of language.
34
How does the motor cortex play a critical role in speech production?
It executes the precise movements
35
What is the ventral stream of language concerned with?
It is concerned with is about meaning and semantics of language.
36
What does the Fusiform gyrus do?
It recognizes and processes visual stimuli.
37
What is the inferior temporal gyrus involved in?
It is involved in higher-level semantic processing so it helps us understand the meaning of words
38
What is the Anterior singular cortex associated with?
Monitoring and evaluating speech. It is a reflection of ourself and it helps us monitor ourselves
39
What causes Wernicke’s aphasia/fluent aphasia?
Damage to Wernicke's area
40
What are the symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia/fluent aphasia?
People with it produce speech that is fluent but incoherent. Often include made-up words and difficulty understanding spoken and written language
41
What causes Broca’s aphasia/non-fluent aphasia?
Damage to Broca's area
42
What are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia/non-fluent aphasia?
People with it can produce speech that is slow, effortful, and lacking in fluency. They might comprehend but can not communicate fluently
43
What is Global aphasia caused by?
Damage to Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
44
What are the symptoms of Global aphasia?
They often are limited to a few words or gestures. They often struggle to convey even basic messages
45
What kind of research did Jaak Pankseep do?
Primary emotions systems and cognitive behavioural therapy
46
What is the Limbic system?
A series of brain structures responsible for regulating emotions, memory, and other emotional functions
47
What does the word "Limbic" mean?
Edge/Border
48
What does the Limbic system "give us"?
It gives us a balance between survival and a good quality of life
49
What parts are included in the Limbic system?
Hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum, pineal gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and thalamus
50
What else is the amygdala associated with?
The anger and emotions associated with sexual behavior
51
What does "Lesion" mean?
Lack of emotional responses
52
What is the Raphe Nucleus?
A group of nuclei in the brain stem. An essential part of the brain’s neurotransmitter system
53
What does the Raphe Nucleus do?
Play a crucial role in regulating mood and emotions. A critical member of your emotional well-being because serotonin gets released.
54
What is the primary treatment for Mood Disorders and how does it work?
SSRIs and they increase serotonin levels.
55
What does an imbalance of serotonin cause?
It leads to anxiety and depression disorders
56
What can increase serotonin?
Amino acid, exercise, and natural light
57
When does the amygdala start the fear response?
Immediately
58
What is the Anterior circulate cortex involved with?
Shame, and plays a role in conflict monitoring
59
What is active when we are happy?
Ventral striatum
60
What did Dr. Neil McNaughton study?
He studied the fear and approach system which is a fundamental aspect of how our brain responds to various emotional stimuli. His work has provided some insight into fear and motivation.
61
What are Affective disorders caused by?
Disturbances in mood, emotion, and a disregulation in a fear and approach system
62
What do anxiety disorder all involve?
An overactive fear system
63
What fraction of people are genetically resistant to anxiety disorders?
1/3
64
What are Obsessive-Compulsive Affective Disorders caused by?
SSRis and Glutamate
65
What does the Anterior Cingulate Cortex involve?
It has to do with error detection and decision making
66
What does a dysregulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex lead to?
Excessive rumination and an overfocus on perceived mistakes.
67
Does Glutamate play a role in OCD?
Yes
68
What does a hoarding disorder lead to?
Significnt distress and impairment due to the clutter in their living spaces
69
What does dysregulation in the anterior cingulate cortex lead to?
Hoarding disorder
70
What is Insula associated with?
The awareness of body sensations and emotions
71
What does dysregulation in Insula lead to?
The emotional attachments that people have to their possesions is stronger
72
What is bipolar disorder caused by?
The changes in the activity in the mood-related brain regions. This can include the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and the striata. These have all been observed in people with bipolar disorder.
73
What kind of therapy helps with Bipolar disorder and how does it help?
CBT which helps people identify and modify the irrational thoughts and behaviors associated with the disorder and then develop positve thinking patterns
74
What medications help with Bipolar disorder and what do they do?
SSRis and Benzodiazapinw increase serotonin levels which results in healing and therefore having better regulation and less pain
75
What treatments help with depression?
SSRIs, SNRIs, Anti-depressants, and CBT
76
What did James Olds do research into?
He did research into when certain areas of the brain were stimulated and gave us an idea of what areas of the brain were linked to reward and pleasure
77
What are the structures of the reward pathway?
Ventral Tegmental Area, Amygdala, and Hippocampus
78
What does the Ventral Tegmental Area do?
It is a vital source of dopamine and serves as a critical hub for reward processing
79
What does the amygdala do concerning the reward pathway?
It controls emotional aspects of reward processing. Assess emotional value to different stimuli. Helps us to assign emotional significance to rewarding or aversive stimuli
80
What does the hippocampus do concerning the reward pathway?
Encoding and retrieving info about past rewards and contexts
81
What is one thing dopamine is linked to?
It is linked to the bran’s ability to predict and to learn from these rewards. When encountering an unexpected reward, there is a surge in dopamine which makes it more likely we will repeat the actions that lead to the reward
82
What does dopamine help our brains decide?
It helps our brain decide what is worth pursuing
83
What does the Mesolimbic system mean?
Central main portion of the limbic system
84
What does the Mesolimbic system do?
It is a complex system of brain structures that play a central role in pleasure, reinforcement and motivation.
85
What is the bad side of dopamine?
We tend to ignore the negative consequences of a pleasurable activity
86
What does the Nucleus accumbens do?
It reinforces behaviours associated with obtaining rewards and contributes to pleasure
87
What do the GABA interneurons do?
They are the primary inhibitory transmitter in the brain and inhibit dopamine neurons to stop it from flooding the reward-related regions
88
What happens when someone is addicted in their brain?
The gap between dopamine release and inhibition get out of balance which leads to compulsive behaviors.
89
Is there is a rhythmic pattern in dopamine-related activities?
Yes
90
What does cocaine do to your brain?
It mimics dopamine and floods the brain with pleasure.

Biopsychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions