Quiz #2 studying Flashcards
Who wrote the Neuron Doctrine?
Santiago Raman Cajal
What does it say in the Neuron Doctrine?
The fundamental building block of the nervous system is discrete individual cells called neurons that community through specialized junctions called synapses.
What do mirror neurons do?
They contribute to helping us connect with others. They also play a role in empathy and imitation
What do Pyramidal Neurons do?
They are involved in decision-making and conscious thought
What are Granule cells and what do they do?
Smaller neurons found in the cerebellum and olfactory nerves. They help us with motor coordination and processing of the sense of smell.
What is neuroplasticity?
The ability of the brain to heal itself to a limited extent.
What is Structural neuroplasticity?
It can help with neurogenesis and form new connections (synaptogenesis) and the pruning of unused neuroconnections. People who know multiple languages can exhibit increased gray matter density
What is Functional neuroplasticity?
It makes the brain adapt to damage in some places and give that function to another part
What person and theory first contradicted the neuron doctine?
Camillo Golgi’s reticular theory
Do our brains adapt and change throughout our whole lives?
Yes
Who proved the reticular theory wrong?
Franz Nissal
What part of the brain plays a significant role in emotional responses and fear?
The amygdala
What part of the brain plays a key role in executive functions?
The prefrontal cortex
What does the neurotransmitter do?
A chemical messenger that transfers info between neurons
What does serotonin do and what happens if you don’t have enough?
It makes you feel good when you feel safe. Cardiovascular diseases when the level is not enough
What does dopamine do and what happens if you don’t have enough?
It gives you pleasure and satisfaction. Parkinson’s disease when the level is not enough
What does norepinephrine do?
It is Involved in fight or flight response. Mood regulation and arousal
What does Acetylcholine do?
It plays a major role in the peripheral nervous system, where it is released by motor neurons and neurons of the autonomic nervous system. It also plays an important role in the central nervous system in maintaining cognitive function.
What happens when there is damage to the cholinergic neurons?
Alzheimer’s disease
What are cholinergic neurons?
A nerve cell which mainly uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) to send its messages
What is Histamine and what does it do?
It plays a role in metabolism, temperature control, regulating various hormones, and controlling the sleep-wake cycle, amongst other functions.
What is the Blood-Brain Barrier?
A highly selective and permeable barrier that separates blood circulation from the brain. Consists of specialized cells and structures. Protects the brain from pathogens.
What are the potential negative effects of the Blood-Brain Barrier?
It can limit medications’ (SSRIs) ability to get into the brain which can limit their effectiveness.
What is cytoarchitecture?
The microscopic study of the brain tissue to identify distinct cellular patterns and structures inside the brain
