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Marbio > Quiz 3 on 3/19/25 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 on 3/19/25 Flashcards

1
Q

How do dinoflagellates get
their name?

A
  1. “Dino” means whirling
  2. “Flagellates”- for their two flagella
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2
Q

Purpose of a Flagella

A

To aid in movement

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3
Q

cellulose

A

a polysaccharide (a chain
of sugar molecules attached together)

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4
Q

Traits Heterotrophic organisms

A

consumes organic mater
already present in the environment

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5
Q

Traits of Autotrophic organisms

A

produce their own energy
rich organic compounds
with either 1. Photosynthesis or 2. Chemosynthesis

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6
Q

Traits of Mixotrophic

A

both consume organic
matter from their environment and produce it

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7
Q

What is Harmful Agal Blooms (HAB’s) or Red Tides

A

Large populations of algae that can be toxic and disrupt ecosystems

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8
Q

Can HAB’s or Red Tides lead to PSP and DSP?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is Biomagnification

A

The Increase of concertation of chemicals as you rise up the food chain

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9
Q

What is PSP?

A

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

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10
Q

What is DSP?

A

Diarrhetic Shellfish
Poisoning

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11
Q

How does one get PSP or DSP?

A

By eating filter feeders like Bivalves

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12
Q

What are two ways HABs can kill fish in the ocean?

A
  1. Toxin is released into the water, killing the fish
  2. Decomposition of dead organisms decrease the oxygen in the water
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13
Q

Where does Ciguatera Poisoning occur?

A

Occurs in Tropical Habitats

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13
Q

Does Ciguatera produce a heat resistant nerotoxin?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How does one get Ciguatera Poisoning?

A

By consuming tropical fish with high concentration of the toxin

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15
Q

Is Ciguatera fatal?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Can Ciguatera lead to the Inversion of Senses?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is Bioluminescence

A

The ability to produce light through an enzymatic reaction in living organisms

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18
Q

What chemical reaction causes Bioluminescence?

A

Luciferin and Luciferase

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19
Q

Is Luciferin a Substrate or an Enzyme?

A

It is a Substrate

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20
Q

Is Luciferase a Substrate or an Enzyme?

A

It is a Enzyme

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21
Q

What is the Burglar Alarm Hypothesis?

A

Alerts other predators of the existence of the animal trying to eat them (Think of an alarm alerting the police to get the burglars)

22
Q

What are the two Hypothesis for Bioluminescence?

A

Burglar Alarm
Startle Response

23
Q

What is the Startle Response Hypothesis

A

Flash of light startling the predator, giving the organism a chance to escape

24
Q

What is Symbiosis

A

Two species evolving to live together

25
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

One species benefitting while the other is unharmed from the Symbiosis

25
Q

What is Mutualism

A

Both species benefiting from the Symbiosis

26
Q

Three kinds of symbiotic
relationships

A
  1. Mutualism
  2. Commensalism
  3. Parasitism
26
Q

What is Parasitism?

A

One Species benefitting, while the other is harmed from the Symbiosis

27
Q

What type of Symbiont are Dinoflagellates?

A

They are Mutualists

28
Q

What do Dinoflagellates Provide?

A

They provide the host Photosynthesis and the ability to create skeletons made of calcium and carbonate

29
Q

What do Dinoflagellates receive in their Mutualism Symbiosis?

A

Protection and nutrients from the host.

30
Q

What kind of symbiotic
relationship do dinoflagellates have with coral?

A

Mutualistic

31
Q

What is Coral Bleaching?

A

A stress response where the coral releases the algae that lives inside it, effectively bleaching itself and dying

32
Q

What is a Stressor of Coral Bleaching?

A

Water being too warm

33
Q

What are Diatoms?

A

Unicellular Organisms (One cell)

34
Q

What is a Frustule?

A

The Cell Wall of a Diatom

35
Q

What are Frustule’s made of?

A

Silica (Glass)

36
Q

What are the Two Valves of the Frustule?

A

Epitheca (Larger and Outer one)
Hypotheca (Smaller and Inner one)

36
Q

Why do Frustules contain pores?

A

Because they have need to have things going in and out

37
Q

What is Diatomaceous Earth?

A

Sedimentary rock made of Fossilized remains of Diatoms

38
Q

What can Diatomaceous be used in?

A
  1. Pools
  2. Abrasives in Toothpaste
  3. Insulation Material
  4. Beer Production
39
Q

Does Planktonic float or sink to the ocean floor?

40
Q

Does Benthic float or sink to the ocean floor?

41
Q

Why do refer to organisms as Benthic or Planktonic?

A

To categorize the lifestyle of organisms

42
Q

How do Diatoms remain buoyant?

A

Have oil droplets that let them float.

43
Q

Can Diatoms photosynthesize

44
Q

Are skeletons called Frustule when referring to Diatoms

45
Q

What does HABs stand for?

A

Harmful Alga Bloom

46
Q

What does “Auto” and “Trophic” mean in Autotrophic?

A

Auto= Self
Trophic= Feeding

47
Q

What Does “Poly” and “Saccharide” mean in Polysaccharide

A

Poly= Many
Saccharide= Sugar

48
Q

What does “Hetero” and “Trophic” mean in Heterotrophic?

A

Hetero= Other
Trophic= Feeding

49
Q

Do Dinoflagellates need Nutrients like Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon?

50
Q

What Nutrients do Dinoflagellates need?

A

Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon

51
Q

What are the 3 Major Photosynthetic on Earth?

A

(In Order)
1. Cyanobacteria
2. Diatoms
3. Dinoflagellates

Marbio (8 decks)

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