QUIZ 3: NURSING CARE OF A FAMILY EXPERIENCING A SUDDEN PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS Flashcards
- is the medical term for any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable (able to survive outside the uterus if born at that time)
Abortion
- fetus of more than 20 to 24 weeks of gestation or one that weighs at least 500 g
viable fetus
- occurs before week 16 of pregnancy
early miscarriage
occurs between weeks 16 to 24
late miscarriage
begin as vaginal bleeding, Initially only scant and usually bright red.
slight cramping, but no cervical dilatation
Threatened Miscarriage
If the treatment of threatened miscarriage Is not adequately or timely manage
Imminent (Inevitable) Miscarriage
Occasionally, some part of the gestational tissue may be retalned within the uterus during the process of miscarriage while other parts may be expelled such as membrane or placenta
Incomplete Miscarriage
Entire products of conception (fetus, membranes, and placenta) are expelled spontaneously without any assistance.
Complete Miscarriage
also commonly referred to as early
pregnancy failure
fetus dies in utero but is not expelled
ultrasound can establish the fetus has died
Missed Miscarriage
When three or more miscarriages occur spontaneously, the process is termed as recurrent or habitual aborters.
RECURRENT PREGNANCY LOSS
rare in complete spontaneous miscarriage
possible major hemorrhage in incomplete miscarriage or in a woman who develops DIC
monitor VS for signs of hypovolemic shock
Hemorrhage
develops in women who lost appreciable amounts of blood
danger signs of infection
fever, abdominal pain or tenderness, foul vaginal discharge
Infection
abortion that is complicated by infection
frequently occurs in women who have tried to self-abort or aborted illegally using non sterile instrument
Septic abortion
if fetus is Rh positive and women is Rh negative, Rh positive blood enters maternal circulation and cause isoimmunization
Isoimmunization
sadness and grief over the loss or a feeling that a woman has lost control of her life
Powerlessness or Anxiety
An ____ is one in which implantation occurs outside the uterine cavity.
ectopic pregnancy
When pregnancy occurs in both the womb and the tube at the same time.
HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY
At weeks 6 to 12 of pregnancy (2 to 8 weeks after a missed menstrual period) , zygote grows large enough to rupture the slender fallopian tube or the trophoblast cells break through the narrow base
RUPTURED EP
Very rarely after an ectopic pregnancy ruptures - products of conception are expelled into the pelvic cavity with a minimum bleeding
ABDOMINAL PREGNANCY
___ is abnormal proliferation and then degeneration of the trophoblastic villi
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Previously termed Incompetent cervix is a condition that refers to the inability of the cervix to hold the fetus any longer until term because it has dilated prematurely.
PREMATURE CERVICAL DILATATION
is a condition wherein the placenta of a pregnant woman is Implanted abnormally in the uterus. It accounts for the most incidents of bleeding in the third trimester of pregnancy
Placenta previa
is the premature separation of the placenta that occurs late in the pregnancy.
ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
is an acquired disorder of blood clotting in which the fibrinogen level falls to below effective limits.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
labor that occurs before end of week 37 of gestation, occurs in approximately 9% to 11% of deaths pregnancies, and accounts for up to 75% of neonata
PRETERM LABOR
is rupture of fetal membranes with loss of amniotic fluid before 37 weeks
Preterm Premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) -
amniotic membrane rupture at or after 37 completed weeks and not in labor yet
Premature rupture of membrane (PROM)
major threat to the fetus as seal is lost and uterine and fetal infection may occur
maternal and neonatal infection
extension of the cord out of the uterine cavity into the vagina. Extension of the cord
cord prolapse
distorted facial features and pulmonary hypoplasia from pressure. Distorted facial features and pulmonary hypoplasia from pressure.
Potter-like syndrome
visualization of a characteristic “fern-like” pattern on a slide, viewed under a low power on a microscope
Fern test
Amniotic fluid has an alkaline pH (7.1-7.3), and the paper will turn blue.
Litmus test
involves putting a drop of liquid obtained from vagina onto paper strips containing Nitrazine test nitrazine dye
Nitrazine test
is a condition in which vasospasm occurs during pregnancy in both small and large arteries
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) or Gestational Hypertension
if blood pressure elevation > 140/90 before 20 weeks and persists ≥12 weeks postpartum
Chronic hypertension
usually mild and later in pregnancy
Gestational hypertension (PIH)
A woman is said to be mildly preeclamptic when her blood pressure rises to 140/90 mmHg, taken on two occasions at least six (6) hours apart.
Mild Preeclampsia
A woman has passed from mild to severe preeclampsia when her blood pressure has risen to 160 mmHg systolic and 110 mmhg diastolic or above on at least two occasions 6 hours apart at bed rest.
Severe Preeclampsia
This is the most severe classification of PIH.
Eclampsia
Occurs when more than one fetus simultaneously develop in the uterus
MULTIPLE PREGNANCY
- is the simultaneous development of two fetuses
Twin pregnancy
, which results from fertilization of two ova leading to fraternal twin
Dizygotic twins (80%)
which results from fertilization of one ova leading to identical twin
Monozygotic twins (20%)
Usually the amniotic fluid volume during pregnancy is 500 to 1000 mL at term.
Excess fluid more than 2000 mL or an amniotic fluid index above 24 cm is considered hydramnios
Hydramnios
refers to a pregnancy with less than the average amount of amniotic fluid
As part of the volume of amniotic fluid is formed by the addition of fetal urine, this is usually caused by a bladder or renal disorder in the fetus that interferes with voiding.
Oligohydramnios
