quiz #3 - muscle length/ testing / strength

Question 1

adaptive shortening vs. positional weakness

Answer 1

ADAPTIVE SHORTENING: muscle shortened over period of time
POSITIONAL WEAKNESS: when muscles remain in elongated position

Question 1

how long should you hold a muscle strength test for?

Answer 1

5 seconds

Question 2

what kind of contraction is a muscle test?

Answer 2

isometric contraction (does not move)

Question 3

passive vs. active insufficiency

Answer 3

(muscles that cross more than one joint)
PASSIVE: cannot be lengthened/ stretched fully over joint at same time; not allowing normal elongation over both joints simultaneously
ACTIVE: inability of a muscle to generate an effective force when placed in a fully shortened position

Question 4

hamstring - straight leg raise

Answer 4

degree of flexion with knee extension = 80 degrees

Question 5

testing length of pec major (lower fibers)

Answer 5

-supine
-arms out at side
testing LOWER FIBERS: arm up at 140 degrees

Question 5

CHART (grading)

Answer 5

muscle test grading: 0-5
-full ROM with no pain
-full ROM with pain
-weakness without pain
-weakness with pain

Question 5

SCRATCH TEST

Answer 5

trying to bring both hands together on the back
-group of muscles being length tested: shoulder, internal/ external rotators
Upper arm – GH internal rotators (pec major, anterior delts, lats, teres major, subscap)
Lower arm – GH external rotators (infraspinatus, posterior delts, teres minor)

Question 5

which muscles all attach to the coracoid process?

Answer 5

-pec minor
-biceps brachii
-coracobrachialis
(pull scapula forward)

Question 6

muscle testing for…

Answer 6

-pain
-abnormal sensation
-how strong (1-5/ strength)
-any substitution (cheating)

Question 7

types of cheating (substitution) that happen during hip flexor LENGTH

Answer 7

-if leg starts to abduct
-if knee starts to flex/ extend
-if hip is lifted off the table
-if leg starts to internally/ externally rotate
-if low back goes into an arch

Question 8

strong & pain free movement

Answer 8

indicates no lesion of contractile unit being tested / nervous tissue supplying contractile unit

Question 9

strong & painful movements

Answer 9

-indicates local lesion of muscle / tendon (ex. muscle strain)
-amount of strength is determined by amount of pain the patient feels on contraction

Question 10

weak & painful movements

Answer 10

-indicates severe lesion around joint (ex. fracture)
-weakness that results is usually caused by reflex inhibition of muscles around a joint, secondary to pain

Question 11

weak & pain-free movements

Answer 11

-indicates a rupture of a muscle (3rd degree strain) / its tendon or involvement of the peripheral nerve or nerve root supplying that muscle
-neurological involvement / tendon rupture should be suspected first