Quiz 3 Medications Flashcards
What are 3 notable thiazide diuretics?
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone
What is a notable side effect/caution for use for thiazide diuretics?
Cautious use in patients with history of acute gout, can precipitate uric acid crystals
What four drug classes are considered first-line for treatment of hypertension?
Thiazide diuretics
ACEi
ARBs
CCBs
What are two notable ACE inhibitors clinically used to treat hypertension?
Lisinopril
Captopril
What are three notable ARBs?
Candesartan
Losartan
Valsartan
What are two important features to know about ACEi and ARB use?
-They should not be used together
-They should not be used in pregnancy
What are three notable Dihydropyridine CCBs?
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nifedipine LA
Do dihydropyridines or non-dihydropyridines (CCB) exert more effects on the heart?
Non-dihydropyridines (Diltiazem, Verapamil)
What are two (three) notable non-dihydropyridine CCBs?
Diltiazem SR
Diltiazem ER
Verapamil SR
What is an important CI for calcium channel blockers?
They should not be used in patients with HFrEF
Calcium channel blockers should not be used specifically with what other medication class?
Beta-blockers (at least not long term)
Which type of CCB- dihydropyridines or non-DHP- can be associated with dose-related pedal edema?
Dihydropyridines (Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine)
What type of diuretics are preferred over thiazides in patients with moderate/severe CKD? What are the 3 notable drugs?
Loop diuretics
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Furosemide
What are the two notable potassium-sparing diuretics?
Amiloride
Triamterene
What are the two notable Aldosterone receptor antagonists?
Eplerenone
Spironolactone
What two medications are preferred treatment for primary aldosteronism?
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Which beta-blockers are considered cardioselective?
Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol succinate
What beta blocker is designated cardioselective and vasodilatory?
Nebivolol
Which beta-blockers are designated as non-cardioselective?
Nadolol
Propranolol IR
Propranolol LA
Which two dugs are combined beta & alpha blockers?
Carvedilol
Labetalol
What are the two notable central alpha agonists/centrally acting drugs?
Clonidine oral
Clonidine patch
Methyldopa
What two notable drugs are direct vasodilators?
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Which direct vasodilator is associated with hirsuitism and requires a loop diuretic?
Minoxidil
Which direct vasodilator is associated with drug-induced lupus?
Hydralazine
What notable drug is a direct renin inhibitor?
Aliskiren
Which Dihydropyridine CCB is used to treat hypertensive emergencies?
Nicardipine
What two notable vasodilator-nitric oxide-dependent drugs can be used in hypertensive emergencies?
Sodium nitroprusside
Nitrogylcerin
What drug class for treating hypertensive emergencies can cause cyanide toxicity with prolonged use?
Vasodilators- NO dependent (Sodium nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin)
Which direct vasodilator can also be used in hypertensive emergencies? What is one reason it is not preferred?
Hydralazine
It can have a large unpredictability of response
Which selective beta antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?
Esmolol
Which combined alpha and nonselective beta antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?
Labetalol
Which nonselective alpha receptor antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?
Phentolamine
What rare disease is phentolamine used for prophylactically to surgery?
Pheochromocytoma
What is a dopamine receptor agonist that can be used in hypertensive emergencies? It is contraindicated in patients at risk of what?
Fenoldopam
It is CI in patients at risk of increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
Which ACEi can be used in hypertensive emergencies?
Enalaprilat
What is the blood pressure goal for most hypertensive patients?
<130/80
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in stable ischemic heart disease patients?
GDMT beta-blockers, ACEi or ARBs
What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in stable ischemic heart disease patients with angina?
Dihydropyridine CCBs in addition to GDMT beta-blockers
In adults with HFrEF, what type of medications should not be used to control hypertension?
Nondihydropyridine CCBs
What medications are preferred to treat hypertensive patient with HFpEF with volume overload? What if volume overload is managed?
What medications are preferred in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients? What should be done in the event of albuminuria?
What medications should be preferred in the treatment of CKD patients that are stage 3 or worse?
ACEis or ARBs
