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CR&R > Quiz 3 Medications > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 notable thiazide diuretics?

A

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone

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2
Q

What is a notable side effect/caution for use for thiazide diuretics?

A

Cautious use in patients with history of acute gout, can precipitate uric acid crystals

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3
Q

What four drug classes are considered first-line for treatment of hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretics
ACEi
ARBs
CCBs

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4
Q

What are two notable ACE inhibitors clinically used to treat hypertension?

A

Lisinopril
Captopril

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5
Q

What are three notable ARBs?

A

Candesartan
Losartan
Valsartan

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6
Q

What are two important features to know about ACEi and ARB use?

A

-They should not be used together
-They should not be used in pregnancy

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7
Q

What are three notable Dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nifedipine LA

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8
Q

Do dihydropyridines or non-dihydropyridines (CCB) exert more effects on the heart?

A

Non-dihydropyridines (Diltiazem, Verapamil)

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9
Q

What are two (three) notable non-dihydropyridine CCBs?

A

Diltiazem SR
Diltiazem ER
Verapamil SR

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10
Q

What is an important CI for calcium channel blockers?

A

They should not be used in patients with HFrEF

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11
Q

Calcium channel blockers should not be used specifically with what other medication class?

A

Beta-blockers (at least not long term)

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12
Q

Which type of CCB- dihydropyridines or non-DHP- can be associated with dose-related pedal edema?

A

Dihydropyridines (Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nifedipine)

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13
Q

What type of diuretics are preferred over thiazides in patients with moderate/severe CKD? What are the 3 notable drugs?

A

Loop diuretics

Bumetanide
Torsemide
Furosemide

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14
Q

What are the two notable potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

Amiloride
Triamterene

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15
Q

What are the two notable Aldosterone receptor antagonists?

A

Eplerenone
Spironolactone

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16
Q

What two medications are preferred treatment for primary aldosteronism?

A

Spironolactone
Eplerenone

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17
Q

Which beta-blockers are considered cardioselective?

A

Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol succinate

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18
Q

What beta blocker is designated cardioselective and vasodilatory?

A

Nebivolol

19
Q

Which beta-blockers are designated as non-cardioselective?

A

Nadolol
Propranolol IR
Propranolol LA

20
Q

Which two dugs are combined beta & alpha blockers?

A

Carvedilol
Labetalol

21
Q

What are the two notable central alpha agonists/centrally acting drugs?

A

Clonidine oral
Clonidine patch
Methyldopa

22
Q

What two notable drugs are direct vasodilators?

A

Hydralazine
Minoxidil

23
Q

Which direct vasodilator is associated with hirsuitism and requires a loop diuretic?

A

Minoxidil

24
Q

Which direct vasodilator is associated with drug-induced lupus?

A

Hydralazine

25
Q

What notable drug is a direct renin inhibitor?

A

Aliskiren

26
Q

Which Dihydropyridine CCB is used to treat hypertensive emergencies?

A

Nicardipine

27
Q

What two notable vasodilator-nitric oxide-dependent drugs can be used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Sodium nitroprusside
Nitrogylcerin

28
Q

What drug class for treating hypertensive emergencies can cause cyanide toxicity with prolonged use?

A

Vasodilators- NO dependent (Sodium nitroprusside, Nitroglycerin)

29
Q

Which direct vasodilator can also be used in hypertensive emergencies? What is one reason it is not preferred?

A

Hydralazine

It can have a large unpredictability of response

30
Q

Which selective beta antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Esmolol

31
Q

Which combined alpha and nonselective beta antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Labetalol

32
Q

Which nonselective alpha receptor antagonist can be used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Phentolamine

33
Q

What rare disease is phentolamine used for prophylactically to surgery?

A

Pheochromocytoma

34
Q

What is a dopamine receptor agonist that can be used in hypertensive emergencies? It is contraindicated in patients at risk of what?

A

Fenoldopam

It is CI in patients at risk of increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma)

35
Q

Which ACEi can be used in hypertensive emergencies?

A

Enalaprilat

36
Q

What is the blood pressure goal for most hypertensive patients?

A

<130/80

37
Q

What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in stable ischemic heart disease patients?

A

GDMT beta-blockers, ACEi or ARBs

38
Q

What is the recommended treatment for hypertension in stable ischemic heart disease patients with angina?

A

Dihydropyridine CCBs in addition to GDMT beta-blockers

39
Q

In adults with HFrEF, what type of medications should not be used to control hypertension?

A

Nondihydropyridine CCBs

40
Q

What medications are preferred to treat hypertensive patient with HFpEF with volume overload? What if volume overload is managed?

A
41
Q

What medications are preferred in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic patients? What should be done in the event of albuminuria?

A
42
Q

What medications should be preferred in the treatment of CKD patients that are stage 3 or worse?

A

ACEis or ARBs

43
Q
A

CR&R (8 decks)

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