Quiz 3- chapters 10,11, 13 and 15

Question 1

Civil commitment

Answer 1

requires an individual to be hospitalized involuntarily if they have a mental illness and pose a danger to themselves or others

Question 2

Assessment of risk in child protection

Answer 2

involves the laws that are in place to protect children from abuse. The risk of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect is considered when a government protection agency, such as the Children’s Aid Society, decides whether to temporarily remove a child from their home or to terminate parental rights.

Question 3

Immigration laws

Answer 3

prohibit the admission of individuals into Canada if there are reasonable grounds for believing they will engage in acts of violence or if they pose a risk to the social, cultural, or economic functioning of Canadian society.

Question 4

School and labour regulations

Answer 4

include provisions to prevent any kind of act that would endanger others.

Question 5

duty to warn

Answer 5

Mental health professionals are expected to consider the likelihood that their patients will act in a violent manner and to intervene to prevent such behaviour.

Question 6

True positive

Answer 6

represents a correct prediction and occurs when a person who is predicted to be violent engages in violence.

Question 7

True negative

Answer 7

is also a correct prediction and occurs when a person who is predicted not to be violent does not act violently.

Question 8

False positive

Answer 8

represents an incorrect prediction and occurs when a person is predicted to be violent but is not.

Question 9

False negative

Answer 9

is also an incorrect prediction and occurs when a person is predicted to be nonviolent but acts violently.

Question 10

Base rate

Answer 10

represents the percentage of people within a given population who commit a criminal or violent act. It is difficult to make accurate predictions when the base rates are too high or too low.

Question 11

Unstructured clinical judgment

Answer 11

characterized by a substantial amount of professional discretion and lack of guidelines.

Question 12

Actuarial prediction

Answer 12

With actuarial prediction, the risk factors used have been selected and combined based on their empirical or statistical association with a specific outcome

Question 13

Structural professional judgement

Answer 13

According to this method, the professional (the term professional is used to acknowledge that it is not only clinicians who make evaluations of risk but a diverse group, including law enforcement officers, probation officers, and social workers) is guided by a predetermined list of risk factors that have been selected from the research and professional literature

Question 14

Static risk factors

Answer 14

factors that do not fluctuate over time and are not changed by treatment. Age at first arrest is an example of a static risk factor, since no amount of time or treatment will change this risk factor.

Question 15

Dynamic risk factors

Answer 15

fluctuate over time and are amenable to change. An antisocial attitude is an example of a dynamic risk factor since it is possible that treatment could modify this variable.

Question 16

Acute dynamic risk factors

Answer 16

These risk factors change rapidly within days, hours, or minutes and often occur just prior to an offence.

Question 17

Dispositional risk factors

Answer 17

re those that reflect the person’s traits, tendencies, or style and include demographic, attitudinal, and personality variables, such as gender, age, criminal attitudes, and psychopathy.

Question 18

Clinical risk factors

Answer 18

are the symptoms of mental disorders that can contribute to violence, such as substance abuse or major psychoses.

Question 19

Contextual risk factors- aka situational

Answer 19

aspects of the individual’s current environment that can elevate the risk, such as access to victims or weapons, lack of social supports, and perceived stress.

Question 20

Protective factors

Answer 20

factors that mitigate or reduce the likelihood of antisocial acts or violence in offenders

Question 21

Desistance

Answer 21

occurs when an individual who has engaged in criminal activities stops committing crime.

Question 22

Psychopathy

Answer 22

a personality disorder defined by a collection of interpersonal, affective, and behavioural characteristics.

Question 23

Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)

Answer 23

the most popular method of assessing psychopathy in adults

Question 24

the Psychopathic Personality Inventory–Revised (PPI-R

Answer 24

Self-report measure of psychopathic traits

Question 25

Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP)

Answer 25

Self-report measure of psychopathic traits

Question 26

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Answer 26

refers to a personality disorder in which there “is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood”

Question 27

Sociopathy

Answer 27

A label used to describe a person whos psychopathic traits are assumed to be due to environmental factors

Question 28

Sexual sadism

Answer 28

Sexual sadists are those people who are sexually aroused by fantasies, urges, or acts of inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on another human

Question 29

Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD)

Answer 29

designed for assessing the precursors of psychopathic traits in children

Question 30

Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version

Answer 30

a rating scale designed to measure psychopathic traits and behaviours in male and female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18.

Question 31

Parent-Child Interaction Therapy

Answer 31

This program focuses on increasing the parent–child relationships using positive reinforcements and teaching positive parenting strategies.

Question 32

Response Modulation

Answer 32

According to this theory, psychopaths fail to use contextual cues that are peripheral to a dominant response set to modulate their behaviour.

Question 33

Domestic Violence

Answer 33

refers to any violence occurring between family members. Domestic violence typically occurs in private settings.

Question 34

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 34

takes the evolutionary history of a species into account when trying to understand a specific psychological trait and involves a recognition of selective pressures facing ancestral humans that would have led to the traits’ origination, development, and maintenance over time.

Question 35

Selective Pressure

Answer 35

an environmental circumstance that provides an opportunity for new genes to develop that give a survival or reproductive advantage for those who have those genes.

Question 36

Family-only batterer

Answer 36

of all types of batterers, engages in the least amount of violence;typically is neither violent outside the home nor engages in other criminal behaviours;does not show much psychopathology, and if a personality disorder is present, it would most likely be passive-dependent personality;does not report negative attitudes supportive of violence and has moderate impulse-control problems;typically displays no disturbance in attachment to his partner; andis the most common type, with 50 percent of batterers being this type.

Question 37

dysphoric/borderline batterer

Answer 37

engages in moderate to severe violence; exhibits some extra-familial violence and criminal behavior; of all types of batterers displays the most depression and borderline personality traits and has problems with jealousy; has moderate problems with impulsivity and alcohol and drug use; has an attachment style that would be best described as preoccupied; and makes up 25 percent of batterers.

Question 38

The generally violent/antisocial batterer

Answer 38

engages in moderate to severe violence; of all types of batterers, engages in the most violence outside of the home and in criminal behavior; has antisocial and narcissistic personality features; likely has drug and alcohol problems; has high levels of impulse-control problems and many violence-supportive beliefs; shows a dismissive attachment style; and makes up 25 percent of batterers.

Question 39

Features of the Level 1/Short-Term subtype include the following:

Answer 39

A woman experiences short-term, less severe violence in a dating relationship

Question 40

Features of the Level 2/Intermediate subtype include the following

Answer 40

A woman experiences violence while in a live-in intimate relationship of up to two years

Question 41

Features of the Level 3/Intermittent Long-Term subtype include the following:

Answer 41

A woman experiences severe intermittent violence while in a live-in intimate relationship that lasts many years

Question 42

Features of the Level 4/Chronic subtype include the following:

Answer 42

A woman experiences severe, repeated violence while in a live-in intimate relationship that lasts many years

Question 43

Features of the Level 5/Homicidal subtype include the following:

Answer 43

A woman experiences severe violence that escalates to death threats and ends with the woman killing her batterer

Question 44

Mandatory charging policies

Answer 44

give police the authority to lay charges against a suspect when there are reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an assault has occurred.

Question 45

Criminal harassment

Answer 45

involve repeatedly following, communicating with, watching, or threatening a person either directly or through someone a person knows.

Question 46

Cyberstalking

Answer 46

includes the use of electronic communication technology, like the Internet, in order to harass, intimidate, and cause fear and distress

Question 47

Intimate stalker

Answer 47

A stalker who has been in an intimate relationship with the victim

Question 48

Acquaintance stalker

Answer 48

A stalker who knows their victim but has not been involved in an intimate relationship

Question 49

Public figure stalker

Answer 49

A stalker who stalks public personalities with whom they have had no prior relationship

Question 50

Private stranger stalker

Answer 50

Stalking a stranger

Question 51

Filicide

Answer 51

refers to the killing of children by their biological parents or step-parents and includes neonaticide (killing a baby within 24 hours of birth) and infanticide (killing a baby within the first year of life).

Question 52

familicide

Answer 52

occurs when a spouse and children are killed, is almost always committed by a man. The homicide is often accompanied by a history of spousal and child abuse prior to the offence.

Question 53

Femicide

Answer 53

Killing women

Question 54

Androcide

Answer 54

Killing men

Question 55

Sexual homicide

Answer 55

Homicides with a sexual component

Question 56

Serial murder

Answer 56

occurs when an individual has killed two or more victims, in separate events, at separate locations, with a cooling-off period between the murders (i.e., an inactive time interval between the murders)

Question 57

Mass murder

Answer 57

occurs when an individual has killed multiple victims in one event at one location.

Question 58

Spree murder

Answer 58

the offender must usually have killed two or more victims in one continuous “event” at two or more locations, with no cooling-off period between the murders.

Question 59

Visionary serial murderer

Answer 59

kills in response to voices or visions telling them to kill. This type of serial murderer would most likely be diagnosed as delusional or psychotic.

Question 60

Mission oriented serial muderer

Answer 60

believes there is a group of undesirable people who should be eliminated, such as homeless people, sex-trade workers, or a specific minority group.

Question 61

Hedonistic serial murderers

Answer 61

are motivated by self-gratification. These killers have been divided into three subtypes based on the motivation for killing: lust murderer, thrill murderer, or comfort murderer.

Question 62

Lust serial murderer

Answer 62

motivated by sexual gratification and becomes stimulated and excited by the process of killing.

Question 63

thrill murderer

Answer 63

derives excitement from seeing their victims experience terror or pain.

Question 64

comfort serial murderer

Answer 64

motivated by material or financial gain. The power/control serial murderer is not motivated by sexual gratification but by wanting to have absolute dominance over the victim.