Quiz 3 Flashcards
What is an achene?
seed and ovary wall are separate. a sunflower seed is an example.
What are nuts?
large and has a bony covering (exocarp). An acorn is an example.
What are samaras?
an achene with a wing, adapted for wind dispersal. Maple is an example of a tree having samars
How does schizocarp get its name? give an example.
Schizo means split, and the schiocarps have split fruit (two one seeded units). an example is sweet cicely.
What is the difference between a dehiscent and indehiscent fruit?
indehiscent is one seeded dry fruit that do not split at maturity, an dehiscent fruit has several to many seeds that split at maturity.
How do legumes and follicles differ?
Legums split along two sutures (peas) and follicles split along one suture. (milkweed)
How do legumes and follicles differ from capsules?
Legumes and follicles are highly modified whereas the capsule is a rather basic fruit.
What is the difference between a silique and a silicle? What do they have in common?
Silique – long and narrow Silicle – short Found only in one family the brassicaceae
Which dry fruits are exclusive to a single family?
Silique and Silicle are of the mustard family Brassicaceae.
What family are legumes?
Fabaceae
How are berries defined?
fleshy throughout, can contain several or one seed. Exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp are the regions of the fruit (helps differentiate). Ex. Blueberries, bananas, tomatoes
How are drupes defined?
fleshy outside, fleshy middle, inside has one seed surrounded by endocarp. Ex. Plums, cherries.
What are some possible evolutionary explanations for why drupes are so common?
To prevent the seed from getting digested so it can be dispersed.
Name some things called berries that are not botanical berries (name what they actually are), and some things not called berries that are berries .
Raspberries, blackberries, strawberries are not botanical berries, they are aggregate fruits. Tomatoes and bananas are berries.
What is some evidence you can look for to tell if something is a true berry?
If all parts of the fruit are fleshy.
What’s special about a pepo compared to other berries?
They have thick leathery rinds, ex. Pumpkins (gourds)
How do you derive aggregate fruit?
Aggregates are derived from a single flower with several to many pistils.
How do you derive multiple fruit?
Multiples are derived from several to many individual flowers in a single inflorescence.
How are accessory fruits derived?
Accessory are derived from many achenes sunken into pits on outside of enlarged receptacle. Ex strawberry
How can you identify a pome? How is this different from a berry?
A pome is a simple fleshy fruit whose flesh comes from the enlarged receptacle that grows up around ovary. Ex. Apple. It’s different from a berry in that the inside is not fleshy.
Draw a diagram to show how an inflorescence develops into an aggregate
