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NUR 209 > QUIZ 3 > Flashcards

QUIZ 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is binding?

A

concealment of a group allocation from one or more individuals involved in a clinical research study; commonly used in a RCT
prevents bias

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2
Q

Boolean operator

A

AND, OR, and NOT- used to expand or delimit a search

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3
Q

Borrowing

A

from other fields

o Medicine, psych, physiology, education, etc

o But keep the focus on nursing

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4
Q

BSN role in research

A

Improves nursing care

o Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to generate trustworthy evidence about issues that are important to nurses and the patients

o Nursing research is science-based research: finding data related to nursing care

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5
Q

characteristics of true experiment design research

A

intervention, control group (does not receive intervention), randomization (everything is random, everyone has an equal chance), experimental group (get the intervention)

o Only considered a true experiment if people are randomly assigned different treatments

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6
Q

classes of sampling design

A

nonprobability

probability

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7
Q

probability sampling

A

Only viable method of obtaining representative samples

All elements in a population have an equal chance of being selected

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8
Q

types of probability sampling

A

stratified random

systematic

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9
Q

stratified random

A

The random selection of study participants from two or more strata of the population independently.

o Population is first divided into two or more strata, from which elements are randomly selected

o Aim is to enhance representativeness.

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10
Q

systematic

A

The selection of sample members such that every #th person or element in a sampling frame is chosen.

o The population is divided by the size of the desired sample to obtain the sampling interval (the fixed distance between selected cases).

o Systematic sampling done in this manner is essentially the same as simple random sampling and is often convenient

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11
Q

nonprobability sampling

A

rarely representative of the population

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12
Q

types of nonprobability sampling

A

convenience
quota
consecutive
purposive

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13
Q

convenience sampling

A

Selection of the most readily available persons as participants

o BIAS

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14
Q

quota sampling

A

A nonrandom sampling method in which “quotas” for certain subgroups, based on sample characteristics, are established to increase the representativeness of the sample

o Researchers identify population strata and figure out how many people are needed from each stratum

o Quota sampling is similar to convenience sampling: Participants are a convenience sample from each stratum

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15
Q

consecutive sampling

A

Recruitment of all people from an accessible population over a specific time interval or for a specified sample size

o Best possible choice when there is “rolling enrollment” into an accessible population

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16
Q

purposive sampling

A

Using researchers’ knowledge about the population to handpick sample members

o Leads to bias but useful approach when researchers want a sample of experts

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17
Q

Cross-sectional time dimension

A

o Data collected at one point in time

o Retrospective studies are usually cross-sectional time dimension

o Less persuasive than longitudinal

o Economical

o Can’t infer changes over time

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18
Q

discussion section of report

A

Ties entire report together

§ Includes:

· Findings

· Implications for nursing

· Recommendations for future research

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19
Q

external validity

A

The degree to which study results can be generalized to settings or groups other than the one studied.

o Important concept: replication

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20
Q

facial validity

A

Refers to whether the instrument looks like it is measuring the target construct.

o Not considered good evidence of validity

o Helpful for a measure to have face validity if other types of validity have also been demonstrated

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21
Q

goals of ebp (intergration of)

A

Best research evidence

§ Clinical expertise

§ Patient values and needs- health promotion, illness prevention, manage of acute and chronic illnesses, rehabilitation

§ Cost effective care

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22
Q

goals of ebp accountable to society

A

High-quality and cost-effective care

§ Care provided by nurses must constantly be looked at

§ You must keep up with new knowledge

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23
Q

grounded theory types

A

Develops middle range theories

o Identify main problem and offer resolution

o Constant comparison is used: procedure to develop and refine theoretical relevant concepts and categories

o New data collected compared ongoing to previous data collected

o In-depth interviews & participant interviews for data collection

o Constructivist grounded theory: the data collected and analyzed are acknowledged to be constructed from shared experiences and relationships between researcher and participant

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24
Q

approximate sample size

A

20-30 people

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25
Q

importance of research

A

Validates knowledge

o Refines knowledge

o Generates knowledge

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26
Q

intuition

A

Gut feeling; Insite that can’t be explained logically

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27
Q

Longitudinal design challenges

A

Collecting data multiple times over a certain length of time

o Useful to study changes over time

o Helpful to establish sequence of events

o Must decide data points and time intervals between

o Challenge is attrition

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28
Q

major parts of the research report

A 
title and abstract
intro
method section
results
discussion
references
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29
Q

nature of qualitative studies

A

Investigating a phenomena using rich narrative material.

o Goal: Develop rich understanding of phenomena

o Almost always nonexperimental

o Do not conceptualize as having dependent and independent variables

o Blinding rarely used

o Typically, do not compare groups

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30
Q

PICO components and identification in a questio

A

P- patient population/disease

o I- intervention

o C- comparison

o O- Outcomes

31
Q

primary sources

A

Written by person who generated ideas/conducted the research

o PREFERRED source

32
Q

primary sources can be

A

§ Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method research articles

§ Systematic review

§ Clinical practice guideline

33
Q

Probability sampling characteristics

A

Involves random selection of elements from a population.

o Each element in the population has an equal, independent chance of being selected

34
Q

Qualitative methodology types

A 
ethnography
phenomenology
grounded theory
historical
case studies
narrative analysis
critical theory
feminist research
Participatory action research
35
Q

ethnography

A

Description and interpretation of culture & cultural behavior

§ Extensive fieldwork (time consuming)

§ Purpose: seek to learn from rather than study

§ -emic & -etic perspectives

36
Q

info sought rhoguh ethnography

A

Cultural behavior

§ Cultural artifacts

§ Cultural speech

37
Q

phenomenology

A

Main data source is in-depth conversations

§ Key themes

38
Q

2 main types of phenomenology

A

descriptive

interpretive

39
Q

descriptive

A

Depicts “things” as people experience them:

§ Eclectic design

§ In-depth collection of qualitative data

§ No traditional qualitative roots

§ Content analysis for data interpretation

40
Q

interpretive

A

Rely on in depth interviews

· May augment understandings

§ Lived experience and interpretive process

§ Goals:

· To enter another’s word & discover the understandings.

41
Q

grounded theory

A

Develops middle range theories

§ Identify main problem and offer resolution

§ Constant comparison is used

· New data collected compared ongoing to previous data collected

§ In-depth interviews & participant interviews for data collection

42
Q

historical

A

Systematic collection & critical evaluation of data related to past events/occurrences

§ Usually interpretive-describe what, how, & why

§ Primarily relies on written records:

43
Q

case studies

A

Single or Small number of entities with in-depth review

§ Understand the “why” rather than the “what”

§ Strength/Weakness

44
Q

narrative analysis

A

The story is the form of inquiry and understanding

45
Q

critical theory

A

Critique of society

§ Envisions new possibilities

§ Action oriented

§ Inspire change

46
Q

feminist research

A

Similar to critical theory

§ Focuses specifically on gender domination/discrimination

§ Goal: facilitate change to end women’s unequal social positions

47
Q

Participatory action research

A

Production of knowledge can influence power

· Also focuses on action, empowerment, and raising awareness

48
Q

quantitative methodology types

A

experimental
quasi-experimental
correlational
descriptive

49
Q

experimental

A

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT)

· “True Experiment”

· Level 1 (pg 23 Fig 2.1)

· Gold standard

· Test the effects of an intervention AND random groups assigned

50
Q

correlational

A

§ Level III

§ Examine relationship between variables

§ Non-experimental study

§ Correlations can be detected through statistical analyses

§ Does not prove causation

51
Q

descriptive

A

Level III

§ Observe, describe, document situation

52
Q

Quasi-experimental research design characteristics

A
  • Has an intervention
  • Lacks randomization
  • less control than true experimental designs
  • samples not randomly assigned
53
Q

types of quasi-experimental

A

nonequivalent control groups

time series design

54
Q

nonequivalent control groups

A

same as pretest-posttest but lacks randomization (weaker)

55
Q

time series design

A

looking at extended periods of time

56
Q

randomized control trials characteristics

A

intervention
control
randomization

57
Q

reasoning

A

logical reasoning process

58
Q

2 types of reasoning

A

deductive

inductive

59
Q

deductive reasoning

A

quantitive, looks at facts rules and definitions

60
Q

inductive reasoning

A

qualitative, uses patterns and behaviors to arrive at a conclusion

61
Q

reliability

A

Consistency of measurement technique/associated with the methods

§ Correlation coefficient (r)= how the degree of realibility is expressed

§ Reliability coefficients normally range from 0-1.0 (>0.8 is desired)

§ Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=most common measure of realibility

62
Q

research hypothesis

A

predict the existence of a relationship
o Predicted answers to research questions
o State the expected relationship between the IV and DV
o Offer direction
o Suggest explanations
o Promotes critical thinking
directional, nondirectional, null

63
Q

Research question – identify independent and dependent variables

A

Questions researcher wants to answer

o Independent (cause)

o Dependent/Outcome variable (effect)

64
Q

secondary sources

A

Summarizes or quotes from primary source

o Only use source if cannot locate primary

65
Q

Social desirability response set bias

A

A tendency to misrepresent attitudes or traits by giving answers that are consistent with prevailing social views

66
Q

Steps of Descriptive Qualitative Research

A

bracketing
intuiting
analyzing
describing

67
Q

bracketing

A

Identifying preconceived ideas (beliefs & opinions)

May use reflexive journal to bracket

68
Q

intuiting

A

Remain open to new meanings

69
Q

analyzing

A

Make sense of new meanings

70
Q

describing

A

Come to full understanding and define the phenomenon

71
Q

temporal ambiguity

A

2 variables and you’re not sure which one is the cause and which on is the effect

72
Q

transferability

A

The extent to which qualitative findings have applicability in other settings or groups

73
Q

Truncation symbol

A

Use of a asterisk *- this expands a search term to include all forms of the root

NUR 209 (3 decks)

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