Quiz #3 Flashcards
What is a Nephron?
basic structural unit of the kidney
What are the 3 portions of the Nephron?
- glomerulus
- Cortex
- Medulla
What is the function of the glomerulus?
Filtration
The cortex contains 2 tubules.
- Proximal Tubule
2. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Where is the Loop of Henle & the Collecting tubule located?
Medulla
Renal epithelial cells are “________” cells
polarized
Renal epithelial contains 2 membranes
- apical membrane
2. basolateral membrane
The apical membrane faces
the nephron lumen
The basolateral membrane faces
the interstitium, capillaries
The Loop of Henle contains Two limbs
- Thin Descending limb
2. Thick Ascending limb
The glomerulus’ primary function is to filter_______
blood
Which tubule is responsible for majority of reabsorption? (glucose, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NaHCO3)
Proximal tubule
The thin descending portion of the Loop of Henle functions to reabsorb _______
water
The thick ascending portion of the Loop of Henle functions to reabsorb _______
15-25%, Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg
Which tubule is responsible for the re-absorption of Na, & Cl only?
The distal convoluted tubule
The cortical Collecting duct/tubule system functions to?
Na re-absorption & K/H secretion
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics act on what area of the Nephron?
Proximal tubule
Thiazide diuretics act on what area of the Nephron?
Distal Convoluted tubule
Where do Osmotic diuretics act in the Nephron?
Primary site: Thin descending Limb of henle
Secondary site: Proximal tubule
Which limb do the Loop diuretics act on?
The thick ascending limb of henle
K+ sparing diuretics & V2 receptor antagonists act on which area of the Nephron?
Cortical Collecting duct system
Osmotic Diuretics ____ interact with receptors or directly block renal transport
Do NOT
The activity of osmotic diuretics is _______ on development of osmotic pressure
Dependent
Osmotic Diuretics are______ filtered through_____
Freely, glomerulus
Osmotic diuretics are excreted ______ in 30-___ minutes
unchanged, 60
Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) inhibitors were developed from ______
Sulfanilamide
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)inhibitors are active in______
proximal tubule
CA inhibitors: _ excretion of bicarbonate
HCO3- + H+ —> H2CO3 –> ???
increase,
H2O + CO2
What are the electrolyte effects of CA administration?
Decrease?
Increase?
Decrease: HCO3 re-absorption & whole body HCO3
Increase: Cl re-absorption
Decreased re-absorption of HCO3 with CA administration leads to_______?
- urine alkalinization
2. metabolic acidosis
Increased reabsorption of Cl with CA administration leads to_______?
hyperchloremia
What causes urine alkalinization?
decreased re-absorption of HCO3, via CA Administration
What causes Metabolic acidosis?
decreased re-absorption of HCO3, via carbonic anhydrase inhibitor administration
When would a patient get hyperchloremia?
with administration of CA inhibitors, due to increase re-absorption of Cl
Loop diuretics have a rapid or slow onset of action?
Rapid (minutes)
What elecrolytes are effected by Loop diuretics?
Mg, Ca, K; increase excretion
Thiazide diuretics in ______ combination therapies
many
What effects on electrolytes do thiazides have?
decrease re-absorption: Na, Cl
increase re-absorption: Ca
increase secretion: K
K+ sparing diuretics 2 classes?
- Na+ channel blockers
2. aldosterone receptor antagonists
Both classes of K+ sparing diuretics are used with_____?
loop or thiazide diuretics
What are the electrolyte effects of K+ sparing diuretics?
Increased: Na excretion
Decreased: K+ excretion
Eplerenone a K+ sparing diuretic lacks______ effects
anit-androgen
V2 Vasopressin receptor antagonists are in clinical trials for what diseases?
- CHF
2. polycystic kidney disease
