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PHCOL 402 > Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Nephron?

A

basic structural unit of the kidney

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2
Q

What are the 3 portions of the Nephron?

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
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3
Q

What is the function of the glomerulus?

A

Filtration

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4
Q

The cortex contains 2 tubules.

A
  1. Proximal Tubule

2. Distal Convoluted Tubule

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5
Q

Where is the Loop of Henle & the Collecting tubule located?

A

Medulla

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6
Q

Renal epithelial cells are “________” cells

A

polarized

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7
Q

Renal epithelial contains 2 membranes

A
  1. apical membrane

2. basolateral membrane

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8
Q

The apical membrane faces

A

the nephron lumen

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9
Q

The basolateral membrane faces

A

the interstitium, capillaries

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10
Q

The Loop of Henle contains Two limbs

A
  1. Thin Descending limb

2. Thick Ascending limb

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11
Q

The glomerulus’ primary function is to filter_______

A

blood

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12
Q

Which tubule is responsible for majority of reabsorption? (glucose, Na, K, Ca, Mg, NaHCO3)

A

Proximal tubule

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13
Q

The thin descending portion of the Loop of Henle functions to reabsorb _______

A

water

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14
Q

The thick ascending portion of the Loop of Henle functions to reabsorb _______

A

15-25%, Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg

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15
Q

Which tubule is responsible for the re-absorption of Na, & Cl only?

A

The distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

The cortical Collecting duct/tubule system functions to?

A

Na re-absorption & K/H secretion

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17
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics act on what area of the Nephron?

A

Proximal tubule

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18
Q

Thiazide diuretics act on what area of the Nephron?

A

Distal Convoluted tubule

19
Q

Where do Osmotic diuretics act in the Nephron?

A

Primary site: Thin descending Limb of henle

Secondary site: Proximal tubule

20
Q

Which limb do the Loop diuretics act on?

A

The thick ascending limb of henle

21
Q

K+ sparing diuretics & V2 receptor antagonists act on which area of the Nephron?

A

Cortical Collecting duct system

22
Q

Osmotic Diuretics ____ interact with receptors or directly block renal transport

A

Do NOT

23
Q

The activity of osmotic diuretics is _______ on development of osmotic pressure

A

Dependent

24
Q

Osmotic Diuretics are______ filtered through_____

A

Freely, glomerulus

25
Q

Osmotic diuretics are excreted ______ in 30-___ minutes

A

unchanged, 60

26
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) inhibitors were developed from ______

A

Sulfanilamide

27
Q

Carbonic anhydrase (CA)inhibitors are active in______

A

proximal tubule

28
Q

CA inhibitors: _ excretion of bicarbonate

HCO3- + H+ —> H2CO3 –> ???

A

increase,

H2O + CO2

29
Q

What are the electrolyte effects of CA administration?
Decrease?
Increase?

A

Decrease: HCO3 re-absorption & whole body HCO3
Increase: Cl re-absorption

30
Q

Decreased re-absorption of HCO3 with CA administration leads to_______?

A
  1. urine alkalinization

2. metabolic acidosis

31
Q

Increased reabsorption of Cl with CA administration leads to_______?

A

hyperchloremia

32
Q

What causes urine alkalinization?

A

decreased re-absorption of HCO3, via CA Administration

33
Q

What causes Metabolic acidosis?

A

decreased re-absorption of HCO3, via carbonic anhydrase inhibitor administration

34
Q

When would a patient get hyperchloremia?

A

with administration of CA inhibitors, due to increase re-absorption of Cl

35
Q

Loop diuretics have a rapid or slow onset of action?

A

Rapid (minutes)

36
Q

What elecrolytes are effected by Loop diuretics?

A

Mg, Ca, K; increase excretion

37
Q

Thiazide diuretics in ______ combination therapies

A

many

38
Q

What effects on electrolytes do thiazides have?

A

decrease re-absorption: Na, Cl
increase re-absorption: Ca
increase secretion: K

39
Q

K+ sparing diuretics 2 classes?

A
  1. Na+ channel blockers

2. aldosterone receptor antagonists

40
Q

Both classes of K+ sparing diuretics are used with_____?

A

loop or thiazide diuretics

41
Q

What are the electrolyte effects of K+ sparing diuretics?

A

Increased: Na excretion
Decreased: K+ excretion

42
Q

Eplerenone a K+ sparing diuretic lacks______ effects

A

anit-androgen

43
Q

V2 Vasopressin receptor antagonists are in clinical trials for what diseases?

A
  1. CHF

2. polycystic kidney disease

PHCOL 402 (5 decks)

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