Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AHPS > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

how soon after parturition are lambs weaned

A

3=4 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 5 major health implications must we take into account when determining time of shearing

A 
fleece rot 
flystrike 
nutritional requirements 
hypothermia 
ewe production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does shearing have to do with fleece rot. What considerations must we take into account for prophylaxis

A

Weather/ fleece value
rain –> bacterial proliferation –> dermatitis –> fly strike

fleece in mid length wool most at risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when is wool in mid length

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an implication of fleece rot

A

fly strike

colour contamination downgrading fleece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does fly strike implicate time of shearing

A

recently warm soil temp and higher ambient temperature creates current environment for flies

general sheep mgmt–> changes in pasture can cause diarrhoea and breech staining, attracts flies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does shearing put sheep at risk of hypothermia

A

sheep need 2 months fleece to have enough insulation.

it is a sporadic threat where sheep are most at risk in late summer, early autumn when aren’t cold adapted!!!!! (tricky)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when are sheep most at risk of hypothermia

A

late summer, early autumn when not cold adapted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some examples of a bad time to shear sheep

A

when weaning
with expected unexpected cold weather
ages before selling, ideally want to sell off shears (so not late autumn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much wool gives a sheep enough insulation?

A

2+ months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the optimum temperatures for sows and piglets

A

sows 16-20C

Pigs 25-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how long do sows stay in the farrowing crate

A

4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what aspects of the farrowing crate decrease piglet mortality?

A

heating lamps/ underfloor heaters at creep

slatted floor for effluent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe an ecoshelter

A 
bedded systems (barley straw, rice hulls) on concrete 
better than solid dirt floors because can burrow out, and can't disinfect base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe an outdoor system

A

mostly for Berkshire pigs that won’t burn! otherwise provide wallows.
wealthier systems that are determined by market drive
some just have breeders outdoors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How soon after weaning are pigs in heat?

A

5-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a pigs lactation

A

4-6 weeks (28d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When do you wean piggies

A

4-10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

at what stage is a pig a grower

A

10-16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

at what stage is a pig a finisher

A

16+ weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the carcase price of a pig calculated

A

carcass weight x P2 back fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is there a shortage of pig meat

A

end of year @ Christmas (seasonal infertility)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does processed pig meat come from

A

60% from other countries (Australia is a fresh meat market)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why can’t you import pork on a bone?

A

biosecurity threat to AUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does carcass $$ loss occur?

A

when back fat is > 12mm at P2

30c/kg loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe seasonal infertility and what it results in

A

correlates with summer heat stress. Results in shortage of pork at end of year.

Manifests as

  • delayed return to oestrus after farrowing (25-35d)
  • gilts delayed puberty
  • NIPs
  • dec farrowing rate
  • inc abortions
  • doesnt affect litter size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe what characteristics are looked for when pigs are sold in Aus

A

<75kg BW
<12mm back fat P2
10% exported to N Z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 biggest production costs in pork production

A

feed 50%

labour 25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a huge determinant of how much it costs to raise piggies

A

price of wheat!!!!

import market

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What affects the herd feed conversion efficiency (HFCE) (5)

A
  • genetics
  • post wean mortality
  • feed wastage
  • time of pigs spent under thermoneutral zone
  • immune system activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are 6 keys to success breeding piggies

A
  1. meet mating targets
  2. fill sheds
  3. buy cheap feed
  4. dont waste feed
  5. sell at optimal weight
  6. optimise health & genetics
32
Q

How much does it cost to raise a piglet to sell

A

fixed costs $50-85 each piglet born

$35?

33
Q

what happens to sow if piglets are weaned too early?

A

uterus has less time to involute so reduced subsequent litter size

  • hormones irregular so won’t cycle regularly
  • irregular sow turnover so reduced farrowing rate
34
Q

how long do sows lactate for

A

28 days

35
Q

How many litters sow/year can a sow produce

A

2.3 (2.6 with wastage)

36
Q

when are sows most at risk of heat stress

A

farrowing

37
Q

why is it disadvantageous to wean a piglet too early

A

intestines aren’t developed to cope with hard feed
lower weights affects subsequent growth

However, early off site weaning= control Dz

38
Q

what is the balance at weaning b/w sow vs. piglet

A 
longer on milk= better piglet (to a point). 
shorter lactation (but >21d)= sow back in preg again
39
Q

you should aim to have

A

<45

40
Q

a F1 sow is generally

A

LW x LR

41
Q

when do gilts reach puberty? and what factors contribute?

A

24-27 weeks

Dep on boar exposure, nutrition, season, body weight

42
Q

Which oestrus do you mate a gilt on ?

A

2nd (30d )

43
Q

What is the average gilt age, weight and litter size at 1st service

A

30w
>130kg
>10.5

44
Q

what water pressure does an adult pig need

A

2L/min

45
Q

what age for a gilt do you commence boar stimulation?

A

23 weeks (20+min daily)

46
Q

What are gilts fed before and after mating

A

ad lib before mating (3+ kg)

1.8-2.3 kg/ day post

47
Q

What vaccines do gilts get before mating

A

4 weeks apart

PPV, E Coli, Erysipelas, Lepto

48
Q

how long do porcine sperm and eggs survive

A

sperm 24hrs

eggs 4-6 hrs

49
Q

when do sows ovulate

A

(2/3 through heat)

50
Q

what factors lead to conception failure

A 
poor AI timing when sow not on heat 
unsupervised matings 
subfertile sow (repeat rtns, late rtns)
overcrowding 
failure to flush feed pre-mating 
not mating on 2nd heat for gilts 
failture to acclimate gilts 
parity 
season 
poor nutrition 
early weaning
51
Q

What is the target mortality rate in pig production

A

<8%

52
Q

at what weight is a piglet risky?

A

<800g

53
Q

what %% do piglets die from

A 
40-55% overlays 
15-25% weak 
5-10% starve/ chill
5% scours 
3% abnormalities
54
Q

How do you reduce incidence of piglet still births

A 
cull sow >30% SBs 
younger parity 
cool sow in summer 
dont overfeed in gestation 
manual exam if delay 45 min each piglet
55
Q

how much milk do piglets drink each day

A

1L

56
Q

What is ram ventilation

A

use of buccal pump to pump water past gill even if not swimming forwards

57
Q

How do tuna account for not being able to ram ventilate

A

can moderate the amount of blood past gills according to need for ventilation or not

58
Q

do fish moderate their internal temperature

A

nope just tuna

59
Q

why are fish fed fish meal

A

easily digestible + same AA profile. But increasingly $$$$ so add canola oil, poultry by products, lupins, insect meal etc.

60
Q

Why do fish have such a high feed conversion rate

A

they don’t have to thermo-regulate

they don’t have to use their muscles against gravity

61
Q

what fish species need warm water

A

barramundi & prawns

(QLD, NT, WA) –> on in indoor VIC

62
Q

What should wildlife veterinary treatment entail

A

rehabilitation and release to same habitat

63
Q

Who can hold wildlife

A

Vets for Tx/ Dx

Licensed wildlife shelters, special laws certain species, special permission

64
Q

is relocation humane?

A

not always. Eg. for hugely territorial possums

65
Q

how many crops require bee pollination

A

65%

66
Q

what is the commercial honeybee

A

Apis mellifera

67
Q

what is the bee industry structure

A

RIRDC, Aus Gov, Honeybee R&D (rural industries research dev comp)

68
Q

how are bees monitored

A

National Bee Pest Surveillance program (NBPSP)

detection + monitoring with sentinel bee hives at strategic sea + air ports. Log traps in Nth

69
Q

What are some bee threats

A

Collapse colony disorder (stress –> young bees leave hive early and die)
Varroa mite –> destroys nests and attaches to bees and sucks haemolymph and carries viruses. Use synthetic pyrethroids to kill.

Tropilaelaps mite, tracheal mite, Braula fly, bacillus

70
Q

what are some disadvantages of destocking

A

selling breeding stock results in huge loss of genetics and huge future costs buying (changeover cost) replacements
loss of income
sale price during drought

71
Q

when would you destock due to overgrazing?

A

> 20-30% bare area to prevent soil erosion and weed invasion

72
Q

what adjustment period is needed to begin a SCA?

A

3 week
acclimiatse to full ration to prevent luminal acidosis
Feed 2-3 times/ week

73
Q

How do you feed sheep in a SCA (including acclimatisation )

A 
50g/hd/day (3.5kg week) feed 2-3x week &amp; remove shy feeders 
20% roughage --> rumen 
5L water/ day 
1.5% CaCO3 to grain to rebalance Ca:P 
Vit E every 6-8 weeks if no green feed
74
Q

How do you feed cattle in an SCA

A 
500g/hd day
17-23 kg/ week
20% roughage 
50L water/ day
1.5% CaCO3 to grain to rebalance Ca:P 
Vit E every 6-8 weeks if no green feed
75
Q

What other management considerations might you take into account in a SCA

A 
remove shy feeders 
supplement Vit E &amp; CaCO3 
feed energy not protein 
5MJ day to maintain lower BCS 
wean early 
adjust!
76
Q

High grain feeding can lead to what dz

A 
acidosis (luminal overgrowth microflora with +++ soluble CHOs --> Low pH ) 
pulpy kidney (intestinal overgrowth Clostridium perfingens with +++ CHO diet) so booster vax on entry

AHPS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions