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Quiz #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #1 ?

A

Hypochondriasis #1

Focus on physical; Fears illness
To identify people with a focus / preoccupation on physical symptoms associated with hypochondriasis; fears physical illness; tendency to present with somatic problems; Conversion DO;

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2
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #2 ?

A

Depression #2

Symptoms of depression
To assess symptomatic depression; Excellent index of people’s discomfort and dissatisfaction with their life situations.

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3
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #3 ?

A

Hysteria #3

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems; hysterical (involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function) reactions to stress situations.

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4
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #4 ?

A

Psychopathic Deviant #4

Acting out, behavior against the norm
To identify psychopathic personality (asocial or amoral); Acting out behavior, “Bad” guy

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5
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #5 ?

A

Masculinity-Femininity #5

Identification with traditional M-F roles
To differentiate between traditional male and female roles; Indicates deviation from traditional roles of one’s gender identity w/M-F roles

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6
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #6 ?

A

Paranoia #6

Suspiciousness, mistrust
To identify typical paranoid symptoms: Suspicious, mistrust, etc.

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7
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #7 ?

A

Psychasthenia #7

Symptoms of anxiety
To measure anxiety based symptomatology (similar to Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and general maladjustment; anxiety

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8
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #8 ?

A

Schizophrenia #8

Psychosis, unusual/unique
To identify psychotic, schizophrenic disorders; unusual thinking

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9
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #9 ?

A

Hypomania #9

Symptoms of elevated mood
To identify hypomanic symptoms (Not necessarily measuring extremes of pure mania); measures psychological and physical energy such as elevated mood, racing thoughts, etc.

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10
Q

(clinical scales)

Scale #0 ?

A

Social Introversion #0

Degree of interaction with others
To assess withdrawal from and engagement with social contacts and responsibilities; Degree of interaction

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11
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia #8

Psychosis, unusual/unique
To identify psychotic, schizophrenic disorders; unusual thinking

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12
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Identification with traditional M-F roles
To differentiate between traditional male and female roles; Indicates deviation from traditional roles of one’s gender identity w/M-F roles

A

Masculinity-Femininity #5

Identification with traditional M-F roles
To differentiate between traditional male and female roles; Indicates deviation from traditional roles of one’s gender identity w/M-F roles

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13
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Depression

A

Depression #2

Symptoms of depression
To assess symptomatic depression; Excellent index of people’s discomfort and dissatisfaction with their life

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14
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Symptoms of anxiety
To measure anxiety based symptomatology (similar to Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and general maladjustment; anxiety

A

Psychasthenia #7

Symptoms of anxiety
To measure anxiety based symptomatology (similar to Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and general maladjustment; anxiety

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15
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Hypomania

A

Hypomania #9

Symptoms of elevated mood
To identify hypomanic symptoms (Not necessarily measuring extremes of pure mania); measures psychological and physical energy such as elevated mood, racing thoughts, etc.

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16
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Acting out, behavior against the norm
To identify psychopathic personality (asocial or amoral); Acting out behavior, “Bad” guy

A

Psychopathic Deviant #4

Acting out, behavior against the norm
To identify psychopathic personality (asocial or amoral); Acting out behavior, “Bad” guy

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17
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems; hysterical (involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function) reactions to stress situations.

A

Hysteria #3

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems; hysterical (involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function) reactions to stress situations.

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18
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Social Introversion

A

Social Introversion #0

Degree of interaction with others
To assess withdrawal from and engagement with social contacts and responsibilities; Degree of interaction

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19
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Focus on physical; Fears illness
To identify people with a focus / preoccupation on physical symptoms associated with hypochondriasis; fears physical illness; tendency to present with somatic problems; Conversion DO;

A

Hypochondriasis #1

Focus on physical; Fears illness
To identify people with a focus / preoccupation on physical symptoms associated with hypochondriasis; fears physical illness; tendency to present with somatic problems; Conversion DO;

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20
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Paranoia

A

Paranoia #6

Suspiciousness, mistrust
To identify typical paranoid symptoms: Suspicious, mistrust, etc.

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21
Q

(validity scales)

scale L

A

Validity scale: L

Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

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22
Q

(validity scales)

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

A

Validity scale: F

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

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23
Q

(validity scales)

Scale K

A

Validity scale: F

Defended, not endorsing issues to an accurate degree; denying problems

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24
Q

Validity scale: ___

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

A

Validity scale: F

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

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25
Q

Validity scale: ___

Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

A

Validity scale: L

Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

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26
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts

A

Hysteria #3

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems; hysterical (involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function) reactions to stress situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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27
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Degree of interaction with others

A

Social Introversion #0

Degree of interaction with others
To assess withdrawal from and engagement with social contacts and responsibilities; Degree of interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Symptoms of anxiety

A

Psychasthenia #7

Symptoms of anxiety
To measure anxiety based symptomatology (similar to Obsessive-compulsive Disorder) and general maladjustment; anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Acting out, behavior against the norm

A

Psychopathic Deviant #4

Acting out, behavior against the norm
To identify psychopathic personality (asocial or amoral); Acting out behavior, “Bad” guy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Psychosis, unusual/unique

A

Schizophrenia #8

Psychosis, unusual/unique
To identify psychotic, schizophrenic disorders; unusual thinking

How well did you know this?
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2
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31
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Symptoms of elevated mood

A

Hypomania #9

Symptoms of elevated mood
To identify hypomanic symptoms (Not necessarily measuring extremes of pure mania); measures psychological and physical energy such as elevated mood, racing thoughts, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

(clinical scales #, name and content)

Suspiciousness, mistrust

A

Paranoia #6

Suspiciousness, mistrust
To identify typical paranoid symptoms: Suspicious, mistrust, etc.

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33
Q

how long has the MMPI been around?

A

MMPI - est. 1938 (World War II) & by 1960 widely used as standard assessment

Original use to bring objective clinical assessment into clinical settings.

Used as aid in psychiatric screening programs in mental health/general medical practices

MMPI-2: developed to describe and predict behavior in a broad range of clinical settings

(Self-report/personality tests used since 1920’s to screen soldiers WWI)

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34
Q

what kind of research has been done on the MMPI?

A

Successful in describing ct behavior & those wanting reliable/valid means of typifying ct’s bhvr/problems

Contemporary: added use in non-mental healthy contexts (correctional facilities/personnel screening/rehab/research)

35
Q

what is Empirical validation?

A

method of scale development based on demonstrated empirical validation

used a broad representative sample from norms & data

•	Value of substantial research base on MMPI-2 = well explored range of "typical" performances on the scale to guide usage; scales established "correlates" for various homogeneous populations 
◦	Underlying basis on MMPI interpretation: people showing various circumstances (depression) possess many common personality features
36
Q

how does empirical validation relate to the MMPI?

A

MMPI attempted to obtain the most clear-cut and homogeneous cases to maximize the diagnostic similarity of the cases included in the clinical groups

Once scales were derived & validated against external criteria they were not considered tied to their developmental criteria = they were shown to have meaning apart from their initial definition and to have construct validity

MMPI began tradition of empirical research (the dev of a sound empirical database) based on empirical scale validation with a substantial supporting research base

37
Q

what is criterion keying?

A

test construction: selecting items for scale by identifying those that discriminate a clinical (criterion) group from a group of normal individuals (rather than assuming a particular item assessed a particular characteristic)

scale membership based on obtaining items that actually worked to separate patients in a clinical group from people in a normal population.

Items for clinical scales selected on basis of their ability to discriminate empirically between a well-defined clinical group & a sample of “normal” ppl

38
Q

how is criterion keying related to the MMPI?

A

The effecrivness of an empirical scale in personality assessment is dependent on the extent to which highly similar cases were used in the formation of criterion groups

MMPI attempted to obtain the most clear-cut and homogeneous cases to maximize the diagnostic similarity of the cases included in the clinical groups

39
Q

what is the relationship between modality theory and the MMPI?

A

No theory preference & work regardless of orientation

MMPI-oriented therapist lean toward empirical analysis “dust bowl empiricists” / “mult cult” (scientific skepticism & need for validated research data)

40
Q

what basic considerations need to be addressed prior to administering the MMPI?

A
  1. several different test formats: all same # of items and in same order (except for MMPI-2-RF)
  2. Can be administered individually or in a group
  3. Must be given in controlled setting (comfortable, private, quiet) *cannot be taken home
  4. follow standard instructions
  5. give clear instructions & obtain ct’s cooperation to ensure valid test performance
  6. determine reading level & comprehension (must have 6th grade reading level)
  7. All 567 items must be answered
41
Q

what was different about the MMPI from other tests ?

A

New empirical method - scale development based on empirical validation

develop measures to assess important clinical problems + valid portrayal of clients in objective manner

(other personality questionnaires were “rationally derived” from vague theoretical constructs without valid or accurate measures)

42
Q

The MMPI CANNOT address all characteristics/behaviors (ex. intelligence/organic brain disorder)

A

TRUE

Not designed to address all characteristics/behaviors (ex. intelligence/organic brain disorder)

43
Q

what are the steps for hand-scoring the MMPI?

A
  1. Use Scoring templates; enter raw scores for each scale on bottom of profile sheet (use side for male or female)
  2. Apply K correction to some scales “K-corrected clinical scales” (empirical correction for test defensiveness) by adding amount of K score to raw score
  3. Write new K-corrected score on bottom & add the scores to obtain value “Raw + K
  4. Plot values on profile sheet:
    Mark raw score for each scale & draw connecting line

*connect dots separately for validity & clinical scales (DON’T CONNECT LINES OF VALIDITY & CLINICAL SCALES TOGETHER)

44
Q

What score is generally considered as the “cut off” score for significance ?

A

T=65+ (scale elevation is interpreted when elevated beyond 1.5 st dev above mean)

(92 percentile for all scales with uniform T scores)

45
Q

Several scores have more than one “cut off.” In general, know why there would be more than one “cut off.”

A

some scales mgiht be interpreted at T=60; for making some decisions about the signifance of the score

46
Q

uniform T scores

A

original to MMPI-2 (modified linear T score) & ensures percentile ranks are equivalent across all scales.

b/c uniform T scores use same distribution for all scales the uniform T scores are comparable across all scales

47
Q

computer scoring is preferred over hand scoring

A

TRUE

Hand scoring = time consuming; tend to limit scales to validity & traditional

Computer scoring = more reliable

48
Q

what are the validity scales

A

Evaluate attitude towards testing + whether they responded cooperatively to provide valid self-report + assess credibility of performance

Response attitude measures = effective means for detecting protocol invalidity

* Use to provide valid personality predictions in spite of response tendencies
* Need to evaluate test protocols for invalidating response pattern before clinical profile can be interpreted w/confidence
49
Q

assessment of _____ most important task of MMPI-2 interpreter & detecting any invalidating response conditions that are used to deflect appraisal away from true personality/sx presentation

A

assessment of protocol validity most important task of MMPI-2 interpreter & detecting any invalidating response conditions that are used to deflect appraisal away from true personality/sx presentation

50
Q

Majority of ppl respond w/useful personality & sx info (even in prison)

A

TRUE:

51
Q

Need to evaluate test protocols for invalidating response pattern before clinical profile can be interpreted w/confidence

A

TRUE:
(validity scales)
Need to evaluate test protocols for invalidating response pattern before clinical profile can be interpreted w/confidence

52
Q

____ or more omissions (‘?’ , ‘Cannot Say’) = protocal invalid

A

30 or more omissions = protocol invalidated

(Even a few items if grouped by a particular theme/content area = affect interpretation)

Rather than using a 30-item cut-off score to invalidate a protocol; interpreter might calculate exact impact that "Cannot Say" scores have one ach scale
53
Q

All-True or All-False pattern: ____% or fewer in true or false direction = invalid protocol

A

All-True or All-False pattern: 20% or fewer in true or false direction = invalid protocol

54
Q

What are the 3 basic validity scales?

A

Scale L, Scale F, Scale K

55
Q

(validity scales)

Scale L

A

Scale L: tells if client is…

Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

56
Q

(validity scales)

Scale F

A

Scale F: tells if client is…

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

57
Q

(validity scales)

Scale K

A

Scale K: tells if client is…

Defended, not endorsing issues to an accurate degree; denying problems

58
Q

(validity scales)

Scale ___, tells if a client is …Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

A

Scale L: tells if client is…

Lying, making himself look good or better than is accurate

59
Q

(validity scales)

Scale ___, tells if a client is …Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

A

Scale F: tells if client is…

Faking, making himself look bad or worse than is accurate

60
Q

(validity scales)

Scale ___, tells if a client is …Defended, not endorsing issues to an accurate degree; denying problems

A

Scale K: tells if client is…

Defended, not endorsing issues to an accurate degree; denying problems

61
Q

How many clinical scales are included in the MMPI?

A

10

62
Q

What information in general do all the clinical scales look at?

A

symptoms
behavior
treatment prognosis
personality characteristics

63
Q

What information in general do all the clinical scales look at?

A

reported symptoms
personality characteristics
interpersonal functioning/behavior
treatment prognosis

64
Q

what does it mean when the clinical scale scores rises/lowers (what else has changed and how has it changed)

A

scale elevations interpreted as T-score distances from the mean of the normative sample (t=50)

in the range of t=60-64 personality correlates apply to the individual

when t=65; all correlates applied to scale

the higher a scale score, the more like the criterion group the patient is assumed to be

65
Q

typically, low scores on a clinical scale are not interpreted with the execption of

A

typically, low scores on a clinical scale are not interpreted with the execption of (Mf) and (Si) which are dimensional personality measures that have meaning as low and high points on the scale

66
Q

why are there sub scales?

A

• Test defensiveness(deceitful/manipulate test) Content-based measures have face validity (contain obvious items) & are vulnerable to conscious distortion
◦ Test defensiveness = lowers elevation of content scales
◦ Higher K elevation = likely failed to endorse problem areas on content scales

67
Q

how and why the Harris-Lingoes subscales are used

A

• HL: content-based subscales used to clarify elevations on the clinical scales
• Homogeneous Content Subscales: used to refine interpretation of clinical scales (other content-based indicators to provide clues about ct’s behavior/problems)
◦ Used to gain an impression of possible problems experienced (not used as predictors but as starting poitns in clinical interview)

68
Q

how and why the Harris-Lingoes subscales are used

A

The empirical test interpretation strategy based on elevations of scales involves listing the empirical relationships for the most elevated sale; but not all the of correlates for the scale would apply for everyone

•	HL: content-based subscales used to clarify elevations on the clinical scales

The Harris=Lingoes subscales provide a valuable means highlighting the most prominent correlates for the clinical scales:

•	Homogeneous Content Subscales: used to refine interpretation of clinical scales (other content-based indicators to provide clues about ct's behavior/problems)
◦	Used to gain an impression of possible problems experienced (not used as predictors but as starting poitns in clinical interview) 

◦	Referred to as "content subscale itnerpretation" = subdivide the heterogeneous items by grouping them according to similar content themes 
◦	Use harris-lingoes homogenous content groupings to determine what problems are more likely to be driving the elevation of the peak score (more salient problems) 
◦	If 1 or 2 of the HL subscales are prominent (elevated at T=65) the correlates that correspond to the content of the external behaviors would be given prominence in the linical report 

•	The Harris=Lingoes subscales provide a valuable means highlighting the most prominent correlates for the clinical scales: 

◦	Appraisal of extent to which patient has endoresed particular contents that served to elevate the scale in question 
◦	They should not be interpreted in isolation from the parent scale; only as adjunct to parent scale to rpovide clues about which of the scale correlates for the parent scale are most salient 
◦	HL subscale scores below t=60 are not useful in interpretive process
69
Q

(clinical scales)

focus on physical, fears illness, somatic problems conversion DO

A

Hypochondriasis #1

Focus on physical; Fears illness
To identify people with a focus / preoccupation on physical symptoms associated with hypochondriasis; fears physical illness; tendency to present with somatic problems; Conversion DO;

70
Q

(clinical scales)

discomfort and dissatisfaction with their life situations

A

Depression #2

Symptoms of depression
To assess symptomatic depression; Excellent index of people’s discomfort and dissatisfaction with their life situations.

71
Q

(clinical scales)

involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function; Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems;

A

Hysteria #3

Physical problems due to denial of conflicts
To identify people who are immature in ability to process emotional issues and/or deny them; emotional issues are then manifested in physical problems; hysterical (involuntary psychogenic loss or disorder of function) reactions to stress situations.

72
Q

(clinical scales)

asocial or amoral; Acting out, behavior against the norm

A

Psychopathic Deviant #4

Acting out, behavior against the norm
To identify psychopathic personality (asocial or amoral); Acting out behavior, “Bad” guy

73
Q

(clinical scales)

psychological and physical energy such as elevated mood, racing thoughts

A

Hypomania #9

Symptoms of elevated mood
To identify hypomanic symptoms (Not necessarily measuring extremes of pure mania); measures psychological and physical energy such as elevated mood, racing thoughts, etc.

74
Q

Hs

A

1 Hypochondriasis

75
Q

D

A

2 Depression

76
Q

Hy

A

3 Hysteria

77
Q

Pd

A

4 Psychopathic Deviant

78
Q

Mf

A

5 Masculinity-Femininity

79
Q

Pa

A

6 Paranoia

80
Q

Pt

A

7 Psychasthenia

81
Q

Sc

A

8 Schizophrenia

82
Q

Ma

A

9 (hypo) Mania

83
Q

Si

A

0 Social Introversion

84
Q

highly irresponsible, impulsive and aggressive individual who is extremely self-oriented at the expense of others

A

4 Psychopathic Deviant (Pd)

psych testing (4 decks)

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