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Biomechanics > Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is TORQUE linear or angular?

A

Angular

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2
Q

Is MOMENT INERTIA linear or angular?

A

Angular

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3
Q

Is ANGULAR MOMENTUM linear or angular?

A

Angular

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4
Q

Is ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT linear or angular?

A

Angular

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5
Q

Is ANGULAR VELOCITY linear or angular?

A

Angular

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6
Q

Is TANGENTIAL VELOCITY linear or angular?

A

Linear

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7
Q

Is ANGULAR ACCELERATION linear or angular?

A

Angular

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8
Q

Is TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION linear or angular?

A

Linear

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9
Q

Is CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION linear or angular?

A

Linear

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10
Q

Is TORQUE kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinetic

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11
Q

Is MOMENT OF INERTIA kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinetic

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12
Q

Is ANGULAR MOMENTUM kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinetic

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13
Q

Is ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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14
Q

Is ANGULAR VELOCITY kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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15
Q

Is TANGENTIAL VELOCITY kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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16
Q

Is ANGULAR ACCELERATION kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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17
Q

Is TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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18
Q

Is CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION kinetic or kinematic?

A

Kinematic

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19
Q

Equation for TORQUE:

A

T= F(r)

*r in this case is moment arm

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20
Q

Equation for MOMENT OF INERTIA:

A

I = mr^2

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21
Q

Equation for ANGULAR MOMENTUM:

A

H = I (ω)

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22
Q

Equation for ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT:

A

Δθ = Δ angular position

Δθ = θf - θi

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23
Q

Equation for ANGULAR VELOCITY:

A

ω = Δθ/ Δtime

24
Q

Equation for TANGENTIAL VELOCITY:

A

Vt= ω(r)

25
Q

Equation for ANGULAR ACCELERATION:

A

α = Δω/ Δtime

26
Q

Equation for TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION:

A

αt = α(r)

27
Q

Equation for CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION:

A 
αr = Vt^2/r
αr = ω^2r
28
Q

Units for TORQUE:

A

Nm

29
Q

Units for MOMENT OF INERTIA:

A

kg*m2

30
Q

Units for ANGULAR MOMENTUM:

A

kg*m2 /s

31
Q

Units for ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT:

A

rads

32
Q

Units for ANGULAR VELOCITY:

A

rad/s

33
Q

Units for TANGENTIAL VELOCITY:

A

m/s

34
Q

Units for ANGULAR ACCELERATION:

A

rad/s2

35
Q

Units for TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION:

A

m/s2

36
Q

Units for CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION:

A

m/s2

37
Q

Is ANGULAR IMPULSE linear of angular?

A

Angular

38
Q

Equation for ANGULAR IMPULSE:

A

ΣTΔt

39
Q

Units for ANGULAR IMPULSE:

A

Nm*s

40
Q

Difference between an absolute and relative angular position:

A

Absolute- other line or plane is fixed and immovable relative to the earth

Relative- other line or plane is capable of moving

41
Q

Relationship between tangential velocity and average angular velocity, and how the relationship applies to sports:

A

VT = W(r)

Tangential velocity is equal to angular velocity times the radius.

Swinging a baseball bat. The further that the bat hits the ball from the axis of rotation, the faster it will be hit.

Increase in radius, but keep the angular velocity the same, there will be an increase in linear velocity.

42
Q

Define moment arm:

A

Perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and a line parallel to it that passes though the axis of rotation

43
Q

How does moment arm affect torque?

A

Moment arm can change throughout movement, but radius does not change.

If force is held constant and moment arm increases, torque increases

If force is held constant and moment arm decreases, torque decreases

44
Q

What is the center of gravity, and what affects it?

A

Point in a body or system around which its weight is evenly distributed or balanced and through which the force of gravity acts

Gender; top heavy/bottom heavy →skip leg day

45
Q

What affects stability?

A

Increase base of support/contact
Widen stance
Lower to ground

46
Q

Relationship between angular impulse and angular momentum.

A

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Hi = Hf IiWi = IfWf

Angular Impulse: T(t) = ΔH

47
Q

Why is it easier to hit a golf ball further with a driver (the longest club) than a pitching wedge (the shortest club)?

A

The radius is longer in the driver.

VT = ω(r)

48
Q

What advantages do longer limbed individuals have in throwing or striking activities?

A

Increase in radius will increase the tangential velocity, causing it to go further (if angular velocity is kept constant)

49
Q

Why is it recommended that you flex your knees and hips (squat down) when lifting a heavy load off the floor, rather than just flexing your hips and back (leaning over)?

A

Flex just at hips/back, the moment arm just on hips is shorter and back is greater, which increases torque on the back/hips.

Flex just at hips/knee, the moment arm just on hips and knee is greater, which increases the torque on the back/hips. Some of the torque is distributed between the hips and knees.

50
Q

Which exercise is easier to do (if you use the same weight for both), a straight-arm pullover, or a bent-arm pullover?

A

Bent-arm because moment arm about the shoulder is smaller, decreasing the amount of torque

Arms completely straight is much harder because moment arm is longer, increasing torque

51
Q

Describe the best position to be in when you compete in a tug-of-war competition.

A

Increased stability: low to ground, staggered stance, and leaning back

52
Q

When thinking of skills that require spinning, why is it beneficial for a gymnast to be smaller?

A

I=mr2

Rotating about a smaller radius, smaller mass, which means you have a smaller moment of inertia. Smaller moment of inertia means you are less resistant to changes in angular motion → spin easier

53
Q

Centric motion and type of movements:

A

Pushing through center of gravity → causes linear movement

54
Q

Eccentric motion and type of movements:

A

Not through center of gravity → linear and angular movement

55
Q

Force couples and type of movements:

A

Opposing motions → causes angular movements

Biomechanics (6 decks)

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