Quiz 3

Question 1

What is extinction?

Answer 1

Withholding the reinforcers that maintain a target behavior

Question 2

What does extinguishing a behavior mean?

Answer 2

The frequency has been reduced and at times eliminated

Question 3

Is extinguishing a behavior the same as forgetting it?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is one way to decrease the frequency of a behavior?

Answer 4

Eliminate the reinforcer associated with that behavior

Question 5

What are the rules for extinction?

Answer 5

Define target behavior, identify reinforcers that maintain target behavior, withhold all reinforcement of target behavior, monitor results

Question 6

What is the partial reinforcement effect?

Answer 6

Increased resistance to extinction following intermittent reinforcement

Question 7

What is an extinction burst?

Answer 7

A sharp increase in the frequency of the behavior on extinction

Question 8

What is resurgence?

Answer 8

The reappearance, during extinction, of previously effective behavior

Question 9

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 9

The reappearance of the target behavior following its extinction

Question 10

What is differential reinforcement?

Answer 10

Any procedure that combines extinction and reinforcement to change the frequency of a target behavior

Question 11

What is the difference between resurgence and spontaneous recovery?

Answer 11

Resurgence involves old behavior that used to work, and spontaneous recovery involves the behavior being extinguished

Question 12

What is differential reinforcement?

Answer 12

Combines the use of extinction to decrease a behavioral excess and the use of reinforcement to strengthen a behavioral deficit or new skill

Question 13

What is DRL (differential reinforcement of low rate)?

Answer 13

The procedure of reinforcing the target behavior only when it occurs at a low rate

Question 14

When is DRL effective?

Answer 14

When the problem is the rate at which a behavior occurs

Question 15

What is an example of DRL?

Answer 15

Reinforcing the act of eating slowly

Question 16

What is DRA (differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)?

Answer 16

The procedure of reinforcing an alternative behavior instead of a target behavior

Question 17

What is an example of DRA?

Answer 17

Reinforcing a child asking for food rather than crying for it

Question 18

What is DRI (differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)?

Answer 18

The procedure of reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the target behavior

Question 19

What is an example of DRI?

Answer 19

Reinforcing sitting and not standing

Question 20

What are the rules for differential reinforcement?

Answer 20

Define target behaviors, put undesirable target behavior on extinction, reinforce desirable target behavior, monitor results

Question 21

When using differential reinforcement, how many target behaviors are there?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

What is the law of effect?

Answer 22

In any given situation, the probability of a behavior occurring is a function of the consequences that behavior has had in that situation in the past

Question 23

What is a punisher?

Answer 23

An even that, when made contingent on a behavior, decreases the frequency of that behavior

Question 24

What is a punishment?

Answer 24

The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that decreases the frequency of that behavior

Question 25

What is a reprimand?

Answer 25

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making disapproval contingent on the target behavior

Question 26

What is a response cost?

Answer 26

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making removal of a reinforcer contingent on the target behavior

Question 27

What is a time-out?

Answer 27

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making removal of a person from a reinforcing situation contingent on the target behavior

Question 28

What is overcorrection?

Answer 28

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making restitution for damage done and repeated performance of appropriate behavior contingent on the target behavior

Question 29

What is physical punishment?

Answer 29

To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making brief and non-injurious contact with the skin contingent on the target behavior

Question 30

What is an example of a reprimand?

Answer 30

Corrective feedback

Question 31

What is an example of response cost?

Answer 31

Parking tickets

Question 32

When is a reprimand not effective?

Answer 32

When the maintaining consequence of the behavior is social attention

Question 33

When is a time-out not effective?

Answer 33

When the maintaining consequence is escape

Question 34

What are the rules for using punishment?

Answer 34

Define target behaviors, select appropriate punishers, make punishment immediate and certain, use extinction and differential reinforcement, monitor results

Question 35

What happens if you use too mild a punisher?

Answer 35

You shape tolerance and need to use stronger punishers

Question 36

What happens if you use too strong a punisher?

Answer 36

Encourage abuse

Question 37

Why do you have to use extinction and differential reinforcement together?

Answer 37

Punishment only teaches what not to do; you have to teach people what you want them to do

Question 38

What are problems with punishment?

Answer 38

Moral objects, negative side effects