Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is behavioral analysis?
Study of the functional relations between behavior and environmental events
What is experimental analysis of behavior primarily concerned with?
Research
What is a functional relation?
The tendency of one event to vary in a regular way with one or more other events
What is behavior?
Anything a person does that can be observed
What is an environmental event?
Something that happens in the environment
What is an example of a functional relation?
If X, then Y
What does a functional relation NOT represent?
Causality
How is behavior defined in behavior analysis?
Measurable and observable terms
What is overt behavior?
Behavior that can be observed by someone other than the person performing it
What is an example of overt behavior?
Facial expressions
What is covert behavior?
Behavior that can be observed only by the person performing it
What is an example of covert behavior?
Thinking
What is respondent behavior?
Behavior that is readily influenced by events that precede it
Who are the scientists who studied mainly respondent behavior?
Pavlov and Watson
What is operant behavior?
Behavior that is readily influenced by events that follow it
Who is the scientist who studied mainly operant behavior?
Skinner
What is an example of respondent behavior?
Knee-jerk response
What is an example of operant behavior?
Showing up to work
How are respondent and operant behaviors distinguished from one another?
Respondent behavior is elicited, while operant behavior is emitted; the degree to which the behavior is evoked by an event
What is a behavioral repertoire?
All the things an individual is capable of doing at any moment
What are environmental events?
Any event in a person’s environment that can be observed
What are antecedents?
Environmental events that occur before a behavior
What are consequences?
Environmental events that occur after a behavior
What is learning history?
All the environmental events (antecedents and consequences) that have affected a person’s behavior up to the present
What is applied behavior analysis?
The attempt to solve behavior problems by providing antecedents and/or consequences that change behavior
What is behavioral excess?
A behavior that occurs too often
What are behavioral deficits?
A behavior that doesn’t occur often enough
What is the primary difference between individuals with difficulties and those without difficulties?
The behaviors they produce and the frequency
What is the medical model?
The view that behavior is merely a symptom of an underlying psychological disorder
What is symptom substitution?
The idea that if a behavior problem is solved without resolving the underlying psychological disorder, another behavior problem will take its place
Is there scientific evidence that symptom substitution exists?
No
What is Daniels’ Dictum?
If you think this stuff is easy, you’re doing it wrong.
What is the point of Daniels’ Dictum?
Applying behavior analysis is not easy
What is behavioral assessment?
- Define the target behavior
- Identify functional relations between target behavior and its As and Cs
- Identify effective intervention for changing target behavior
What is a target behavior?
The behavior to be changed by an intervention
What does a target behavior require?
An operational definition
What is an operational definition?
Uses measurable, observable terms
What is a functional analysis?
The process of testing hypotheses about the functional relations among antecedents, target behavior, and consequences
What is a functional assessment?
Relies on observation conducted in the natural environment and the use of conditional probabilities to demonstrate relations
What is continuous recording?
Recording each and every occurrence of a behavior during a prescribed period
What kind of behavior is continuous recording useful for?
Discrete behaviors that have an obvious beginning and end
What is interval recording?
Recording whether a behavior occurs during each of a series of short intervals within an observation period
Which is more accurate, continuous or interval recording?
Continuous
What is duration?
How long the behavior persists
What is intensity?
The energy expended to produce behavior
What is latency?
Amount of time it takes for a behavior to begin following a stimulus
What is inter-response time?
The amount of time between a behavior ending and the beginning of the next occurrence of the behavior
What is inter-observer reliability?
A measure of the degree of agreement in data tallies made by two or more observers
What is the key to strong reliability?
A strong operational definition and practice
What is a good inter-observer reliability?
90%
What is a simple frequency graph?
Each data point indicates the number of times a behavior occurred at a particular time
What is a cumulative frequency graph?
Each data point indicates total number of times the behavior has occurred up to that point
What is a single case experimental design?
A research design in which the behavior of an individual is compared under experimental and control conditions
What is a baseline period?
The behavior under study is recorded, but no attempt is made to modify it
What is an intervention period?
Attempts to modify the behavior are in place while recording the behavior
What is an anomaly?
An incongruity or inconsistency
What is a trend?
Increasing, decreasing, zero
What is variability?
Degree of variance in data points
What is ABAB reversal design?
A single case design in which baseline and intervention conditions are repeated with the same person
What is a multiple baseline design?
A single case design in which the effects of an intervention are recorded across situations, behaviors, or individuals
What is an alternating treatments design?
Single case design in which two or more interventions alternate systematically
