Quiz #3

Question 0

What is a lexical definition?

Answer 0

Dictionary definition.

Question 1

What is a stipulative definition?

Answer 1

A new word or a new definition for an existing word

Question 2

What is a precising definition?

Answer 2

It reduces vagueness. Includes theoretical (used to explain the specific nature of a term) and operational (creates a standardized measure for use in data collection and interpretation)

Question 3

What is a persuasive definition?

Answer 3

It is used to influence others.

Question 4

The different styles of communication are…

Answer 4

Assertive
Aggressive
Passive
Passive-Aggressive

Question 5

What does assertive communication entail?

Answer 5

An assertive person works out ways to solve the problem.

Question 6

What does an aggressive communicator do?

Answer 6

The person uses a negative approach to “solve” a problem

Ex: They pick a fight with another person, yell at the other person, etc.

Question 7

What does passive communication entail?

Answer 7

The person does not take action whatsoever to solve a problem.

Question 8

Passive-aggressiveness entails…

Answer 8

The communicator does not work out a way to solve a problem, but expresses their negative emotions through indirect ways

Ex: complaining behind a person’s back

Question 9

____ is a system of communication that involves a set of arbitrary symbols.

Answer 9

Language

Question 10

What is informative language?

Answer 10

Language that is either true or false.

Ex: “Princeton University is located in New Jersey.”
Ex: “Capital punishment does not deter crime.”

Question 11

What is directive language?

Answer 11

Language used to direct or influence others.

Ex: “Close the windows.”
Ex: “Please meet me after class.”

Question 12

What is expressive language?

Answer 12

Language that communicates feelings and attitudes.

Ex: Poetry

Question 13

What are emotive words?

Answer 13

Words that are used to elicit certain emotions.

Question 14

Ceremonial language is language that…

Answer 14

Is used in particular prescribed formal circumstances.

Ex: “How are you?”
Ex: “I do.”
Ex: “Amen.”

Question 15

Communication without words

Answer 15

Nonverbal language

Question 16

A denotative meaning is…

Answer 16

A dictionary definition. Same as lexical definition.

Question 17

Feelings associated with a particular word. Can vary from person to person.

Answer 17

Connotative meaning

Question 18

Five criteria for evaluating definitions are…

Answer 18

1) A good definition is neither too broad nor too narrow.
2) A good definition should state the essential attributes of the word/term
3) A good definition is not circular.
4) A good definition avoids obscure and figurative language
5) A good definition avoids emotive language.

Question 19

___ are the use of euphemisms, dysphemisms, hyperbole, and sarcasm to manipulate and persuade.

Answer 19

Rhetorical devices

Question 20

Euphemism

Answer 20

The replacement of a term that has a negative association by a neutral or positive term. Can be used to “soften” a harsh word or phrase.

Ex: passed away rather than died
Ex: search and clear rather than search and destroy

Question 21

Dysphemism

Answer 21

Used to produce a negative feeling

Ex: terrorist, socialism, etc.

Question 22

Sarcasm

Answer 22

The use of ridicule, insults, taunting, and/or caustic irony. Results in belittling people.

Question 23

Hyperbole

Answer 23

A rhetorical device that uses an exaggeration.

Question 24

What is the difference between Noam Chomsky’s theory and Geoffrey Sampson’s theory of language?

Answer 24

Noam Chomsky believed that although there are 6,800 known languages in the world, all human languages use the same basic universal grammatical rules or syntax. Chomsky believes we are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
However, Sampson believes that it is possible for children to learn a language without possessing these inborn rules. He doesn’t believe that all languages use the same grammatical rules of grammar. He believes that children are good at learning quickly and easily in general.