Quiz 3 Flashcards
Prepare for CNA Quiz 3.
Fowler’s Position
A semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees.
Full visual privacy
Having the means to be completely free from public view while in bed.
High-Fowler’s position
A semi-sitting position, the head of the bed is raised 60 to 90 degrees
Resident unit
The personal space, furniture, and equipment provided for the person by the nursing center.
Reverse Trendelenburg’s position
The head of the bed is raised and the foot of the bed is lowered.
Semi-Fowler’s position
The head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees
Trendelenburg’s position
The head of the bed is lowered and the foot of the bed is raised.
Cotton drawsheet
A drawsheet made of cotton; it helps keep the mattress and bottom linens clean.
Drawsheet
A small sheet placed over the middle of the bottom sheet
Waterproof drawsheet
A drawsheet made of plastic, rubber, or absorbent material used to protect the mattress and bottom linens from dampness and soiling.
Early morning care (AM care)
Care given before breakfast.
Aspiration
Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs.
Denture
an artificial tooth or a set of artificial teeth
Evening Care (PM care)
Care given in the evening at bedtime; PM care
Morning care
Care given after breakfast; hygiene measures are more thorough at this time.
Oral hygiene
Mouth care
Perineal care
Cleaning the genital and anal areas; pericare
Plaque
A thin film that sticks to the teeth; it contains saliva, microbes, and other substances
Tartar
Hardened plaque
Alopecia
Hair loss
Anticoagulant
A drug that prevents or slows down blood clotting
Dandruff
Excessive amounts of dry, white flakes from the scalp
Hirsutism
Excessive body hair
Lice (Pediculosis)
Infestation with wingless insects
Mite
A very small spider-like organism
Pediculosis capitis
Infestation of the scalp with lice; head lice
Pediculosis corporis
Infestation of the body with lice
Pediculosis pubis
Infestation of the pubic hair with lice
Catheter
A tube used to drain or inject fluid through a body opening
Catheterization
The process of inserting a catheter
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Foley catheter (Indwelling catheter)
A catheter left in the bladder so urine drains constantly into a drainage bag; retention
Micturition (urination)
The process of emptying urine from the bladder; voiding
Nocturia
Frequent urination at night
Mixed incontinence
The combination of stress incontinence and urge incontinence
Oliguria
Scant amount of urine; less than 500 mL in 24 hours
Overflow incontinence
Small amounts of urine leak from a full bladder
Polyruria
Abnormally large amounts of urine
Reflex incontinence
Urine is lost at predictable intervals when the bladder is full
Straight catheter
A catheter that drains the bladder and then is removed
Stress incontinence
When urine leaks during exercise and certain movements that cause pressure on the bladder.
Transient incontinecne
Temporary or occasional incontinence that is reversed when the cause is treated
Urge incontinence
The loss of urine in response to a sudden, urgent need to void; the person cannot get to a toilet in time.
Urinary frequency
Voiding at frequent intervals
Urinary incontinence
The involuntary loss or leakage of urine
Urinary urgency
The need to void at once
Colostomy
A surgically created opening between the colon and abdominal wall
Constipation
The passage of award, dry stool
Defecation
The process of excreting feces from the rectum through the anus; a bowl movement
Dehydration
The excessive loss of water from tissues
Diarrhea
The frequent passage of liquid stools
Enema
The introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
Fecal impaction
The prolonged retention and buildup of feces in the rectum
Fecal incontinence
the inability to control the passage of feces and gas through the anus.
Flatulence
the excessive formation of gas or air in the stomach and intestines
Flatus
Gas or air passed through the anus
Ileostomy
A surgically created opening between the ileum (small intestine) and the abdominal wall.
Ostomy
A surgically created opening for the elimination of body wastes
Peristalsis
The alternating contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles
Stoma
An opening that can be seen through the abdominal wall.
Stool
Excreted feces
Suppository
A cone-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into a body opening; it melts at body temperature
Anorexia
The loss of appetite
Calorie
The fuel or energy value of food
Daily Value (DV)
How a serving fits into the daily diet; expressed in a percent based on a daily diet of 2000 calories.
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Edema
The swelling of body tissues with water
Graduate (cylinder)
A measuring container for fluid
Intake
The amount of fluid taken in
Nutrient
A substance that is ingested, digested, absorbed, and used but the body
Nutrition
The processes involved int eh ingestion, digestion, absorption, and used of foods and fluids by the body
Output
The amount of fluid lost
Enteral nutrition
Giving nutrients into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through a feeding tube
Flow rate
the number of drops per minute
Gastrostomy tube
A tube inserted through a surgically created opening (stomy) in the stomach; stomach tube
Gavage
The process of giving a tube feeding
Intravenous therapy (IV)
Giving fluids through a needle or catheter inserted into a vein
Jejunostomy tube
A feeding tube inserted into a surgically created opening in the jejunum of the small intestine.
Naso-enteral tube
a feeding tube inserted throughout the nose into the small bowel
Naso-gastric tube (NG)
A feeding tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.
Parenteral nutrition
Giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG) tube
A feeding tube inserted into the stomach through a small incision made through the skin; a lighted instrument is used to see inside a body cavity or organ
Regurgitation
The backward flow of stomach contents into the mouth
Abduction
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
Adduction
moving a body part toward the midline of the body
Ambulation
the act of walking
Atrophy
The decrease in size or the wasting away of tissue
Contracture
The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle
Deconditioning
The loss of muscle strength from inactivity
Dorsiflexion
Bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
Extension
Straightening a body part
External rotation
Turning the joint outward
Flexion
Bending a body part
Footdrop
The foot falls down at the ankle; permanent plantar flexion
Hyperextension
Excessive straightening of a body part
Internal rotation
Turning the joint inward
Orthostatic hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure when the person suddenly stands up; postural hypotension
Plantar flexion
The foot is bent; bending the foot down at the ankle
Pronation
Turning the joint downward
Range of motion (ROM)
The movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain
Rotation
Turning the joint
Supination
Turning the joint upward
Syncope
A brief loss of consciousness; fainting
Acute pain
Pain that is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery
Chronic pain
Pain that continues for a long time or occurs off and on
Circadian Rhythm
Daily rhythm based on a 24 hour cycle; the day-night cycle or body rhythm
Comfort
A state of well-being; the person has no physical or emotional pain and is calm and at peace
Distraction
To change the person’s center of attention
Enuresis
urinary incontinence in bed at night
Guided imagery
Creating and focusing on an image
Insomnia
A chronic condition in which the person cannot sleep or stay asleep all night
NREM sleep
the phase of sleep when there is no rapid eye movement; non-REM sleep
Pain
To ache, hurt, or be sore; discomfort
Phantom pain
Pain felt in a body part that is no longer there
Radiating pain
pain felt at the site of tissue damage and in nearby areas
Relaxation
To be freer from mental and physical stress
REM sleep
The phase of sleep when there is rapid eye movement
Rest
To be calm, at ease, and relaxed; no anxiety or stress
Sleep
A state of unconsciousness, reduced voluntary muscle activity, and lowered metabolism
Allergy
A sensitivity to a substance that causes the body to react with signs and symptoms.
Apnea
The lack or absence of breathing
Biot’s respirations
Rapid and deep respirations followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea.
Bradypnea
Slow breathing; respirations are lower than 12/minute
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and thence become shallow and slow; breathing may stop for 10 to 20 seconds.
Cyanosis
Bluish color to the skin, lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds
Dyspnea
Difficult, labored, or painful breathing
Hemoptysis
Bloody sputum
Hyperventilation
Respirations are rapid and deeper than normal
Hypoventilation
Respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular
Hypoxemia
A reduced amount of oxygen in the blood.
Hypoxia
Cells do not have enough oxygen
Kussmaul respirations
Very deep and rapid respirations
Orthopnea
Breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting
Othopneic position
Sitting up and leaning over a table to breathe
Oxygen concentration
The amount of hemoglobin containing oxygen
Pollutant
A harmful chemical or substance in the air or water
Respiratory arrest
When breathing stops
Respiratory depression
Slow, weak respirations at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute.
Sputum
Mucus from the respiratory system that is expectorated through the mouth
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing; respirations more than 20 per minute.
Hemothorax
Blood in the pleural space
Intubation
Inserting an artificial airway
Mechanical ventilation
Using a machine to move air into and out of the lungs
Patent
Open and unblocked
Pleural effusion
The escape and collection of fluid in the pleural space
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space
Suction
the process of withdrawing or sucking up fluid
Tracheostomy
A surgically created opening into the trachea
Assisted living
A housing option for older persons who need help with activities of daily living yet wish to remain independent as long as possible.
Medication reminder
Reminding he person to take drugs, observing them being taken as prescribed, and charting that they were taken
Service plan
A written plan listing the services needed by the person, how much help is need, and who provides the services.
